Isobutyrate esters

Formate Ester 3. Acetate Ester 6. Trichloroacetate Ester 10. Phenoxyacetate Ester 19. Isobutyrate Ester... 

Wallach has synthesised i-menthone by condensing 1, 4-methyl-cyclo-hexanone with bromo-isobutyric ester from the condensation product he prepared i-menthene, which was converted into i-menthenone, by means of its nitrosochloride, whence i-menthone resulted by reduction. 

The same authors (25) prepared butanoylcobalt tetracarbonyl and found that they could isolate isobutyrate ester, presumably via the following reactions ... 

Testosterone is used for growth-promoting purposes in cattle as an subcutaneous implant in the ear, in combination with estradiol or its esters. It is usually administered in the form of its acetate, propionate, or isobutyrate esters. 

The chiral bicyclic phosphines 5 (and in particular 5a [7b]) are currently the most active phosphorus-based acylation catalysts, enabling use of low reaction temperatures. Under these conditions (i.e. —40 °C) selectivity factors as high as 370-390 were achieved (Scheme 12.2). This is the best selectivity factor ever reported for metal-free, non-enzymatic kinetic resolution. As a consequence, very good enantiomeric purity of both the isobutyric esters 7 and the remaining alcohols 6 was obtained, even at substrate conversions approaching 50% (Scheme 12.2) [7, 8],... 

The compound which might be expected when using isobutyric ester could not be isolated, and was apparently reduced by the sodium present to eth-oxycaprylic oster, while simultaneously some of it bccamo hydrolysed to liydroxycaprylic add thus ... 

Another example is camphoronic acid (aaj3-tri-methyl-tricarballylic acid), an oxidation product of camphoric acid, which can be synthesised from a-brom-isobutyric ester and acetoacetic ester.6... 

Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-furanylmethyl ester, furfury 12-methylpropanoate, furfuryl isobutyrate, furfuryl isobutyric ester [6270-55-9]... 

Isobutyrate esters are comparable to butyrate esters, but have a slightly lower boiling point and higher volatility. Isobutyl isobutyrate [97-85-8] has some importance as a high-boiling solvent. 

A solution of 172.0 mg (di)-l-(l-naphthyl)ethanol (1.00 mmol), 104 mL EtsN (0.75 mmol), and 3.7 mg of the catalyst (10 /xmol, > 99.9% e.e.) in 2.0 mL toluene was cooled to 0°C. Under vigorous stirring, 331 /xL (/-PrCO)20 (2.00 mmol) was added dropwise. After 24 h at 0°C, the reaction was quenched by 10 mL MeOH at 0°C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 15 min, and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. l-(l-Naphthyl)ethanol and its isobutyric ester were separated by flash chromatography (petroleum ether/CH2Cl2 from 1 1 to pure CH2CI2) to give 35.9% e.e. of (S)-ester. 

Synonyms Hydratropyl isobutyrate a-Phenylpropyl alcohol isobutyric ester... 

Other plasticizers employed in the technology of PVC formulation include citrate esters (56), terephthalate and isobutyrate esters (57), chlorinated paraffins (58), and benzoic acid esters (59). These materials would be used where such characteristics as veiy low toxicity or flame retardancy could not be achieved by the more commonly employed materials described above. 

Coalescing agents such as the isobutyric ester of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol... 

A systematic synthesis of sucrose esters began at the Research Ledaoratories of Tennessee Eastm m,in 1956. Simultaneously, evaluation of these preparations as potential commercial products with special emphasis as components of surface coatings was conducted by the Technical Service and Development Laboratories of Eastman Chemical Products. From this cooperative effort, success came in the form of a very unusual and unique compound, the mixed acetate-isobutyrate ester of sucrose - SAIB. 

The physical nature of the acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric and valeric esters of sucrose ranges from crystalline solids to low-viscosity liquids. As coatings modifiers, the crystalline compounds have a tendency to form crystals within the film while the liquid compounds cause the film to soften as a plasticizer would do. In the search for a coatings modifier which would perform as an extender, mixed esters were investigated. It was discovered that the completely esterified mixed acetic and isobutyric ester of sucrose produced some unusual properties alone and also when combined with various film formers. A major aspect of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) is its capability of extending polymers to... 

Completed polymerizations can be terminated at -78°C by introducing a protic material such as methanol or acetic acid in which case the product will have isobutyrate ester termini. Alternatively the mixture can be warmed to room temperature whereupon spontaneous termination occurs to form cyclic ketone ends (2). With THF solvent, isolation of polymer is accomplished by precipitation in water, hexane or methanol depending upon the sorts of contaminants or by-products one wishes to remove or, the polymer solution can simply be stripped free of solvent. 

---