Irradiation types

Irradiation type Average energy, eV Coloration uniformity Induced radioactivity Locali2ed heating... 

Note Catalyst, 1 g (Ti02 0.3 g) water, 350 mL Na2C03, optimum quantity. An inner irradiation-type quartz cell, high-pressure Hg lamp (400 W) from Arakawa, H. and Sayama, K., Photocatalysis, Science and Technology, Kodansha/Springer, Berlin, 2002. 

The packaged life of cole slaw at 40°F. is extended from 6 or 7 days to 25 days after moderate radiation treatment (B15). Another delicatessen item is smoked foods, which have an irradiated type of flavor prior to treatment (Sec. IVC2). Their flavor will, if anything, be enhanced. 

Equation (2.2.24) means homogeneous generation of particles A and B with the rate p (per unit time and volume), whereas (2.2.25) comes from the statistical independence of sources of a different-kind particles. Physical analog of this model is accumulation of the complementary Frenkel radiation defects in solids. Note that depending on the irradiation type and chemical nature of solids (metal or insulator), dissimilar Frenkel defects could be either spatially correlated in the so-called geminate pairs (see Chapter 3) or distributed at random. We will focus our attention on the latter case. 

Catalyst lg, Water 350ml, an inner irradiation type quartz cell, high pressure Hg lamp (400W), Na2C03 80g. 

As a result of band bending, the surface of an irradiated -type semiconductor becomes electron-deficient and acts as a photoanode toward an oxidizable adsorbate. The conduction-band electron in an irradiated semiconductor is almost iso-energetic with the reduction potential for oxygen. In aerated solutions in which the semiconductor is saturated with adsorbed oxygen, the electron can often be trapped as superoxide, or when bound to the surface of the photocatalyst, it can trap other surface-confined reactive intermediates [26, 27]. 

One important point to consider if ILs are to be used in the nuclear fuel cycle is their stability against radiation. Allen et al. have subjected imidazolium ILs to a, (1, and y radiation and studied their stability vs irradiation type and dose [266], These preliminary results suggest that IL stability is similar to that of benzene, but much higher than that of mixtures of tributylphosphate and kerosine under similar irradiation conditions. That is, imidazolium ILs are rather radiation resistant and no significant decomposition was reported. 

Main Radiation Types and Their Sources Irradiation Type/Description... 

Catalyst (0.3 g) reactant solution (370-400 mL) light source, high-presstire mercury lamp (450 W) inner irradiation-type reaction vessel made of Pyiex with aqueous NaN02 solution (2 M) filter... 

Fig. 12 Time courses and schematic illustrations of overall water splitting tmder visible light (2 > 400 nm) using modified GaN ZnO samples. Catalyst (0.15 g) distilled water (370 mL) light source, high-pressure mercury lamp (450 W) inner irradiation-type reaction vessel made of Pyrex with an aqueous NaN02 solution filter. For the reaction data shown in the right panel, a mixttffe of 0.15 g of the Rh/Cr203 (core/shell) loaded catalyst and 0.15 g of a sample loaded with only Rh was used...

Wrought austenitic stainless steels do not exhibit the sharp ductile to brittle transition behavior characteristic of low alloy and carbon steels. Rather, toughness losses due to irradiation tend to accumulate with increasing fluence and saturate at levels >1x10 n/m. Until recently, there was little information available to quantify the effects of radiation embrittlement on RPVIs. New information [5.2] describes the results of a fracture toughness study performed on irradiated Type 304 stainless steel reactor internal material taken from... 

Sensitized or irradiated Type 304 Stainless Steel/BWR System... 

Figure 21 Comparison between observed and theoretical relationships for the effect of fast neutron fluence on the time to failure of irradiated type 304 stainless steel under constant load in 32 ppm oxygenated water at 288°C.

Figure 17.15 (a) Stress—strain curves of unirradiated and irradiated 304 steel at 325°C [43]. (b) Creep curves of unirradiated and 0.1 dpa irradiated type 316L(N) steel at 550°C [44]. 

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