Iron oxide nanotubes

Choi JH, Nguyen FT, Barone PW, Heller DA, Moll AE, Patel D, Boppart SA, Strano MS (2007) Multimodal biomedical imaging with asymmetric single-walled carbon nanotube/iron oxide nanoparticle complexes. Nano Lett. 7 861-867. 

It was also found that the presence of some metal ions and borates can effectively accelerate the hydrothermal carbonization of starch, which shortens the reaction time to some hours. Thus, iron ions and iron oxide nanoparticles were shown to effectively catalyze the hydrothermal carbonization of starch (< 200 °C) and also had a significant influence on the morphology of the formed carbon nanomaterials [10]. In the presence of Fe2+ ions, both hollow and massive carbon microspheres could be obtained. In contrast, the presence of Fe203 nanoparticles leads to very fine, rope-like carbon nanostructures, reminding one of disordered carbon nanotubes. 

The iron oxide was likely to be formed when the iron loaded carbon/alumina film was exposed to air and/or when the film was treated with an alkaline solution. In order to clarify this issue, the authors tried to characterize the iron-containing carbon nanotubes before the alkali treatment. After the MOCVD experiment, the iron-loaded carbon/A1203 film was taken out to the ambient air and broken into fine... 

The aforementioned frequency of the use of these nanomaterial shapes is best attributed to two factors (1) the ease with which these nanoparticle shapes can be synthesized in the laboratory and (2) the availability of these nanomaterials from commercial sources. It cannot be the aim of this review to cover all of the different nanomaterials used so far, but some of the most commonly investigated will be introduced in more detail. For zero-dimensional nanoparticles, emphasis will be put on metallic nanoparticles (mainly gold), semiconductor quantum dots, as well as magnetic (different iron oxides) and ferroelectric nanoparticles. In the area of onedimensional nanomaterials, metal and semiconductor nanorods and nano wires as well as carbon nanotubes will be briefly discussed, and for two-dimensional nanomaterials only nanoclay. Finally, researchers active in the field are advised to seek further information about these and other nanomaterials in the following, very insightful review articles [16, 36-45]. 

The same platform was used to prepare BSA-functionalized magnetic MWNTs.32 After magnetic separation, those nanotubes with iron or iron oxide encapsulation were isolated and coated with anti-E coli 0157. The resulting immunomagnetic MWNTs were evaluated in immunomagnetic separation of E. coli 0157 H7 cells in pure and... 

Keywords nanoparticles, ultrafine particles, pulmonary toxicology, toxicity, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, iron oxide, titania, silica, asbestos... 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) currently attract intense interest because of their unique properties which make them suitable for many industrial applications.28 Carbon nanotubes exhibit some of the properties implied in asbestos toxicity. Carbon nanotubes share with asbestos the fibrous habit - long fibers with a diameter of a few nanometers -and a very high biopersistence. On this basis they are suspected to be hazardous and indeed the first studies in vivo14,29,30 have shown an inflammatory response followed by some evolution towards fibrosis. When inhaled, CNTs may thus constitute a possible hazard to human health. The inflammatory and fibrotic responses elicited by CNTs is similar to that caused by other toxic particles which might be the result of oxidative stress caused by particle- and/or cell-derived free radicals. There is no direct experimental evidence of a capacity of carbon nanotubes to generate free radicals similar to silica asbestos and nano sized iron oxide particles. 

CNTs can be combined with various metal oxides for the degradation of some organic pollutants too. Carbon nanotubes/metal oxide (CNT/MO) composites can be prepared by various methods such as wet chemical, sol gel, physical and mechanical methods. To form nanocomposite, CNTs can be combined with various metal oxides like Ti Oj, ZnO, WO3, Fc203, and AI2O3. The produced nanocomposite can be used for the removal of various pollutants. Nanoscale Pd/Fe particles were combined with MWNTs and the resulted composite was used to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). It was reported that the MB adsorption was pH-dependent and adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Iron oxide/CNT composite was reported to be efficient adsorbent for remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The efficiency of some other nanocomposites such as CNT/ alumina, CNT/titania and CNT/ZnO has also been reported [60-62]. 

Zhao, X., Johnston, C. and Grant, P. S. (2009) A novel hybrid supercapacitor with a carbon nanotube cathode and an iron oxide/carbon nanotube composite anode , / Mater. Chem., 19,8755-60. 

Ortiz, G. F, Hanzu, I., Lavela, P, Tirado, J. L., Knauth, R, and Djenizian, T. (2010). A novel architectured negative electrode based on titania nanotube and iron oxide nanowire composites for Li-ion microbatteries,/. Mater. Chem., 20, pp. 4041-4046. 

ZnO nanowire arrays [53] Iron oxide-based nanotube arrays - sacrificial template... 

Liu, J. R, Li, Y. Y, Fan, H. J., Zhu, Z. H., Jiang, I, Ding, R. M, Hu, Y. Y, and Huang, X. T. Iron Oxide-Based Nanotube Arrays Derived from Sacrificial Template-Accelerated Hydrolysis Large-Area Design and Reversible Lithium Storage. Chemistry of Materials, 22(1), 212-217 (2010). 

Hu J, Shao D, Chen C, Sheng G, Li J, Wang X, et al. Plasma-induced grafting of cyclodextrin onto multiwaU carbon nanotube/iron oxides for adsorbent application. J Phys Chem B 2010 114 6779-85. 

It has long been known that the anodization of certain metals leads to the production of porous metal oxides and hydroxides. These metals include A1 [14-16], Ti [17,18], Ta [19], Cd [20], Nb [21], Mg alloys [22], W [23], Sn [24], Fe [12,25], Ag [26], and Si [27]. Only recently conditions have been identified that allow the formation of well-controlled, uniform structures. For example, in 1995 an aluminum anodization process to develop hexagonally packed pores with ordered domains was developed [16]. In 2001, it was discovered that anodization of titanium foils led to the production of Ti02 nanotube arrays [18]. More recently, a anodization process to form nanoporous [25] and nanotubular [28] iron oxides was developed. Examples of these materials are shown in Fig. 9.6. Pore sizes in the range of 20-100 nm are... 

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