Iron oceanic distribution

Nishioka J., Takeda S., Wong C. S., and Johnson W. K. (2001) Size-fractionated iron concentrations in the northeast Pacific Ocean distribution of soluble and small colloidal iron. Mar. 

Criss RE (1999) Principles of stable isotope distribution. Oxford Univ Press, New York Croal LR, Johnson CM, Beard BL, Newman DK (2004) Iron isotope fractionation by anoxygenic Fe(II)-phototrophic bacteria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta in press Duce RA, Tindale NW (1991) Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean. Limnol... 

Figure 8.6 Size distributions (particles below lpm) based on particle number for different natural water systems Gulf of Mexico (Harris, 1977), foraminifera and diatoms from near-surface South-lndian Ocean (Lai and Lerman, 1975), coastal surface waters of North Pacific Ocean (off Tokyo Bay) (Koike et al., 1990), Grimsel test site groundwater (Switzerland) (Degueldre, 1990), Markham Clinton groundwater (UK) (Longworth et al., 1990), amorphous iron oxy(hydroxo)phos-phate at the oxic/anoxic boundary of Lake Bret (Switzerland) (Buffle et al., 1989), Rhine River (The Netherlands) (van de Meentef al., 1983), Rhine River (Basle, Switzerland) (Newman etal., 1994), St Lawrence River (Canada) (Comba and Kaiser, 1990). Distributions recalculated from the original data as explained in Filella and Buffle (1993) (reproduced from Filella and Buffle, 1993, by permission of the copyright holders, Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam).

DiTullio GR, Smith WO Jr (1996) Spatial patterns in phytoplankton biomass and pigment distributions in the Ross Sea. J Geophys Res 101 18467-18477 DiTullio GR, Hutchins DA, Bruland KW (1993) Interaction of iron and major nutrients controls phytoplankton growth and species composition in the tropical north Pacific Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 38 495-508 DiTullio GR, Grebmeier JM, Arrigo KR, Lizotte MP, Robinson DH, Leventer A, Barry JP, VanWoert ML, Dunbar RB (2000) Rapid and early export of Phae-ocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature 404 595-598... 

Garrels et al. (1973) believe that the BIF must have been formed in restricted basins in semi-enclosed water bodies, periodically communicating with the ocean via channels or over bars. Deposition of silica occurred mainly during evaporation, but deposition of iron was complex and is explained both by oxidation (hematite facies) and by evaporation (silicate and carbonate facies) and sulfate reduction (sulfide facies). It is suggested that the spatial distribution of the sedimentary facies of the BIF will correspond to the well-known scheme of James (1954), but to explain the similarity of banding in the face of different causes of precipitation of the iron raises difficulties. 

Langlois, R. J., Hummer, D., and LaRoche, J. (2008). Abundances and distributions of the dominant nifH phylotypes in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 1922-1931. LaRoche, J., Geider, R. J., Graziano, L. JM., JMurray, H., and Lewis, K. (1993). Induction of specific proteins in eukaryotic algae grown under iron-, phosphorus-, or nitrogen-deficient conditions. J. Phycol. 29, 767-777. 

Gao Y., Kaufman Y. J., Tanre D., Kolber D., and Falkowski P. G. (2001) Seasonal distributions of aeolian iron fluxes to the global ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 29-32. 

Some trace metals, such as iron and copper, have distributions that are strongly influenced by both recycling and relatively intense scavenging processes. Like nutrient-type elements, dissolved iron is observed to be depleted in remote oceanic surface waters such as high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll... 

Large-scale iron fertilization will have side-effects. If iron fertilization resulted in a complete drawdown of the nutrients available in the Southern Ocean, for example, the average O2 content of deep waters will drop by 4-12% (Sarmiento and Orr, 1991), with areas of anoxia cropping up in the Antarctic (Peng and Broecker, 1991b) and Indian Oceans (Sarmiento and Orr, 1991). Even small-scale patches of anoxia would have a profound negative impact on the survival and distribution of metazoan fauna in the ocean and alter the balance of microbial transformations of nitrogen between reduced and oxidized phases (Fuhrman and Capone, 1991). 

---