Oceanic distributions

Fig. 10-10 Tritium section of the western Atlantic from 80 N to the equator versus depth (m). Vertical exaggeration is 2000 1. Horizontal scale is proportional to cruise track. (Reproduced with permission from H. G. Ostland and R. A. Fine (1979). Oceanic distribution and transport of tritium. In Behaviour of Tritium in the Environment" (Proceedings of a Symposium, San Francisco, 16-20 October 1978, IAEA-SM-232/67, pp. 303-314. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.)...

To a first approximation the deep ocean distributions shown in Fig. 10-20 can be reproduced if the particulate material dissolving in the deep sea has the ratio of 1 mol CaCOs to 4 mol organic carbon (Broecker and Peng, 1982). 

Ostlund, G. G. and Fine, R. A. (1979). Oceanic distribution and transport of tritium. lAEA-SM-232162, pp. 303-314. Inti. Atom. Energy Agency, Vienna. 

Chung Y, Finkel R, Bacon MP, Cochran JK, Krishnaswami S (1983) Intercomparison of °Pb measurements at GEOSECS station 500 in the northeast Pacific. Earth Planet Sci Lett 65 393-405 Chung Y, Finkel R (1988) Po-210 in the Western Indian-ocean - distributions, disequilibria and partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases. Earth Planet Sci Lett 88 232-240 Clegg SL, Whitfield M (1991) A generalized model for the scavenging of trace metals in the open ocean -... 

Little is known of the oceanic distribution or speciation of cobalt, because very low concentrations (< 200 pM) make its determination difficult. Laboratory studies indicate that cobalt exists in seawater primarily as the cobalt (II) ion and as the carbonate complex. Organic complexes are not considered important. 

The oceanic distribution of cobalt is similar to that of manganese, although cobalt concentrations are 10-100 times smaller maximum concentrations are 100-300 pM in surface waters, decreasing to 10 pM at depths below 1000 m. As concentrations of cobalt in seawater are so low, it may become biolimiting in open ocean surface waters. 

Shiller A.M. and Gieskes J.M. (1980) Processes affecting the oceanic distributions of dissolved calcium and alkalinity. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 2719-2727. 

Swinnerton, J.W., and Lamontagne, R.A. (1974) Oceanic distribution of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons baseline measurements. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8, 657-663. 

In this chapter, I intent to give an overview about the current knowledge on the oceanic distribution and pathways of NO, N2O, N2, and NH3 which has increased considerably since the publication of Gaseous nitrogen compounds in the sea by Scranton (1983). 

Hamme, R. C., and Emerson, S. R. (2002). Mechanisms controlling the global oceanic distribution of the inert gases argon, nitrogen and neon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29(23), doi 10.1029/2002GL015273. 

Ward, B. B. (1982). Oceanic distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria determined by immuno-fluorescent assay. Journal of Marine Research 40, 1155—1172. 

Boyle, E. (1992). Cadmium and 5 C paleochemical ocean distributions during the stage 2 glacial maximum. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 20, 245-287. 

Cynar F. J. and Yayanos A. A. (1993) The oceanic distribution of methane and its flux to the atmosphere over Southern California waters. In Biogeochemistry of Global Change Radiatively Active Trace Gases (ed. R. S. Oremland). Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 551-573. 

Nishioka J., Takeda S., Wong C. S., and Johnson W. K. (2001) Size-fractionated iron concentrations in the northeast Pacific Ocean distribution of soluble and small colloidal iron. Mar. 

G. oceanica, the other known alkenone-synthesizing species of importance, has a more limited oceanic distribution. G. oceanica apparently does not occur in waters colder than —12 °C (Okada and McIntyre, 1979). It commonly occurs in tropical and subtropical waters, in particular, the high fertility regions of the eastern Pacific and... 

Some comment should be made concerning the levels of precision and accuracy required of the methods. When we are concerned merely with determining the rough outlines of the oceanic distribution of organic... 

---