Iron and Steel Institute

Standard Wrought Steels. Steels containing 11% and more of chromium are classed as stainless steels. The prime characteristics are corrosion and oxidation resistance, which increase as the chromium content is increased. Three groups of wrought stainless steels, series 200, 300, and 400, have composition limits that have been standardized by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AlSl) (see Steel). Figure 8 compares the creep—mpture strengths of the standard austenitic stainless steels that are most commonly used at elevated temperatures (35). Compositions of these steels are Hsted in Table 3. 

MnnualStatisticalKeport, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

American Iron and Steel Institute 1123 15th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20005 Standards for steel compositions, steel products, manufacturing tolerances, inspection methods, etc. 

International Conference on Einc and Einc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet, Sept. 5—7, 1989, Tok o, Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 1989. 

H. H. Hausner "Grain Growth During Sintering" in Special Report No. 58 of the Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1954, pp. 102—112. 

High-Temperature Characteristics of Stainless Steels, Mmerican Iron and Steel Institute, Nickel Development Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993. 

International Iron and Steel Institute Statistics, Iron Steel Maker, AIME-ISS, 15(13), 2—16 (1988). 

C. W. Hardy and co-workers. Committee on Technology—Special Study Team on Refractories, Refractory Materials for Steelmaking International Iron and Steel Institute, Bmssels, Belgium, 1985. 

The AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) and the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) specifications are essentially the same. The Hst is simplified to show typical compositions. Eor ranges, see original tables. 

J. E. Mayer, D. Moskowicz, and M. Humenik, Materialsfor Metal Cuttings ISI Special Report No. P126, The Iron and Steel Institute, U.K., 1970, pp. 

World Steel in Figures, International Iron and Steel Institute, Bmssels, Belgium, 1990. 

SAE is the Society of Automotive Engineers. AISI is the American Iron and Steel Institute the XX after the designation is left open for carbon content, thus 3110 equals a 0.10% carbon, nickel-chromium steel, and ia this case XX = 0.10. 

Dimensions of extra-heavy couplings are given in the Steel Products Manual pubhshed by the American Iron and Steel Institute. In ANSI B16.il—1966, 2000-lb couplings were superseded by 3000-lb couplings. 

A typical low-alloy grade [American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 4340] contains 0.40 percent C, 0.70 percent Mn, 1.85 percent Ni, 0.80 percent Cr, and 0.25 percent Mo. Many other alloying agents are used to produce a large number of standard AISI and proprietary grades. 

When possible, earlier widely used three- or four-digit alloy numbering systems such as those developed by the Aluminum Association (AA), Copper Development Association (CDA), American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), etc., have been incorporated by the addition of the appropriate alloy-group code letter plus additional digits. For example ... 

ABS—American Bureau of Shipping A ISC—American Institute of Steel Construction AISI—American Iron and Steel Institute ANSI—American National Standard Institute API—American Petroleum Institute ASA—American Standards Association ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials AWS—American Welding Society... 

National standards. British Standards, DIN (Deutsche Industries Normung, from Germany) and ASTM/AISI (American Society for Testing of Materials/American Iron and Steel Institute) are those in most common use for metallic materials. It is always preferable to select a material for which national or international specifications exist. Many materials, including steels and the... 

The corrosion of steel by natural and industrial waters is a complicated and many-sided phenomenon, which cannot be dealt with completely within the narrow compass available here. The difficulty arises from the fact that, of the three main considerations involved —the composition and surface condition of the steel, the quality of the water, and the operating conditions -the last is generally the most important. Moreover, in industry the operating conditions vary widely, and many of them need individual study. Consequently, all that will be attempted here is to state a few general facts and principles. For more detailed treatment the reader is referred to the recognised textbooks such as those of Evans , Hasse and Butler and Ison. A brochure published by the Iron and Steel Institute may also prove helpful. 

Sixth Report of the Corrosion Committee, Spec. Rep. No. 66, Iron and Steel Institute, London (1959)... 

Friend, J. N., Carnegie Scholarship Memoirs, 18, Iron and Steel Institute, 61 (1929)... 

Fig. 13.6 Relation between coating life and weight for metal coatings on steel exposed at Sheffield. The line for aluminium has been amended and drawn as a curve (after Fig. 7 of Special Report No. 66 of the Iron and Steel Institute)...

The iron and steel industry is currently on an upsurge because of strong global and local demands. It plays a critical role in the infrastructural and overall economic development of a country. The versatility of steel can be understood from its wide range of applications in the construction, transportation, and process industries. There has been a remarkable growth in world crude steel production, from 189 million metric tons in 1950 to 1244 million metric tons in 2006 (International Iron and Steel Institute, IISI). However, the steel production process is an energy-, raw-material, and labor-intensive process, accounting for major environmental releases.17... 

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