IPC-ICP

Thomas and Sniatecki [51] also performed an analysis of trace amounts of arsenic species in natural waters using hydride generation IPC-ICP-MS. Six arsenic species were determined with detection limits in the range 1.0-3.0 fig l-1 and total arsenic was determined using hydride generation by atomic fluorescence detection. It was found that the predominant species present in bottled mineral water samples was always As(V) with very low levels of As(III). The authors described how the system required . .. further work using special chromatographic software. .. to improve the quantitative measurement at a natural level. ... 

In environmental and clinical samples, IPC-ICP-MS may be used for selenium speciation [40-42]. Selenite, selenate, and trimethylselenomium were separated by Yang and Jiang [40], using a mobile phase containing 3% methanol and 5 mM PIC-A ion-pairing reagent. An ultrasonic nebulizer was used for improved sample transport, yielding detection limits of 22-74 pg Se for the three species, respectively. Selenite was found to be the most abundant species in urine and unidentified peaks were attributed to selenoaminoacids. 

The speciation of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) has been performed by Jakubowski et al. [22] with IPC-ICP-MS and hydraulic high-pressure nebulization. A mobile phase of 25% methanol, ammonium acetate, and an ion-pair reagent (tetrabuty-lammonium acetate) was used. Oxygen addition was used to reduce carbon interferences from the high organic content in the mobile phase, along with desolvation. 

Platinum speciation using IPC-ICP-MS has been achieved by Zhao et al. [50], An ODS C18 column and 1-heptanesulfonate ion-pairing reagent at pH 2.6 were used to separate the metabolites of cisplatin and cisplatin hydrolysis products. The low pH was required in order to retain thiol containing complexes. All complexes were resolved and urine and blood samples were analyzed by the speciation method. 

One of the most exploited procedures is the complexation of metal ions. When a ligand bears a chromophore, a favorable side effect of this procedure is that sensitivity with conventional detection UV-Vis can be improved [2]. Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in waters relied on the pre-complexation of Cr(III) with EDTA and IPC-ICP (inductively coupled plasma)-MS separation of the negatively charged chromium species in less than 2 minutes using a tetrabutylammonium IPR [3]. 

IPC-ICP-MS was extensively explored for the speciation of phosphorus, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, and chromium compounds [4-17] because it provides specific and sensitive element detection. Selenium IPC speciation took also advantage of coupling with atomic fluorescent spectrometry via an interface in which all selenium species are reduced by thiourea before conventional hydride generation... 

The speciation of arsenic compounds, using IPC and ICP-MS as a detector, has received much attention [33-39]. Beauchemin et al. [33,34] used IPC for the analysis of arsenic species in dogfish muscle. The ion-pair reagent was 10 iM sodium dodecylsulfate in a 5% methanol, 2.5% glacial acetic acid mobile phase at pH 2.5 with a C18 column. The toxic inorganic species, As (III) and As (V), as well as the less toxic organoarsenic species, monomethylarsenic (MMA), dimethylarsenic (DMA), arsenobetaine (AB), and arsenocholine (AC), were separated. AB was the dominant species and constituted 84% of the total arsenic concentration with a detection limit of 300 pg (as As). 

A combination of IPC and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) MS was extensively explored for the speciation of phosphorus, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, and chromium compounds [108-118] because it provides specific and sensitive element detection. Selenium IPC speciation was joined to atomic fluorescent spectrometry via an interface in which all selenium species were reduced by thiourea before conventional hydride generation [119], Coupling IPC separation of monomethyl and mercuric Hg in biotic samples by formation of their thiourea complexes with cold vapor generation and atomic fluorescence detection was successfully validated [120]. The coupling of IPC with atomic absorption spectrometry was also used for online speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) [121] and arsenic compounds employing hydride generation [122]. 

Helfrich, A. and Bettmer, J. Determination of phytic acid and its degradation products hy ion-pair chromatography (IPC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma-sector field-mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS). /. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 2004, 19, 1330-1334. 

For the bulk analysis of metallic elements in atmospheric particles, spectroscopic methods (e.g., AAS, ICP-OES, IPC-MS, XRF, PIXE, SSMS) are widely used (Part V, Chapter 2). Here, sample preparation is a crucial... 

PROPERTY UNITS CONOmONS POLYMER TYPE ipp(a) RCpO) IPC-L ICP-H< >... 

A novel technique of atomisation, known as vapour generation via generation of the metal hydride, has been evolved, which has increased the sensitivity and specificity enormously for these elements [5-7]. In these methods the hydride generator is linked to an AAS (flame graphite furnace) or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) or an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (IPC-MS). Typical detection limits achievable by these techniques range from 3 pg/1 (arsenic) to 0.09 pg/1 (selenium). 

For the SWCNTs-ZnP construct, the recorded ICPE spectrum resembled the UV-vis spectmm of the corresponding ZnP. A maximum of 12 % in the IPCE spectmm was observed in the Soret band wavelength region of the ZnP at the 430 nm. 

Association of Connecting Electronics Industries, IPC-JOStd-006 ICP-J-Std-002, 003 MIL-M-38510 JEDEC J-Std-620A Detailed list of both tin lead and lead-free solders Board and component lead solderability Plating thickness for good component lead solderability Plastic package moisture sensitivity, heat tolerance... 

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