Ion Exchange apparatus

High-Purity Water Obtain High-Purity Water from a mixed-bed strong-acid, strong-base ion exchange apparatus capable of producing water of more than 15-megohm resistivity. 

There are no universally accepted criteria for comparing ion-exchange apparatus. Parameters to be taken into account in choosing the contactor for performing a certain process are considered in detail in Ref. 4 however, a number of features are pointed out in another publication of interest [3]. 

Figure 6. Schematic of the ion-exchange apparatus for isolating boron from geologic samples. A peristaltic pump draws the dissolved sample and reagents through an ion exchange column fabricatedfrom a I mL polypropylene pipette tip packed with boron specific resin (IRA-743). The photograph of the actual beads is from the manufacturers technical report (Rohm and Haas). The mechanism of exchange of borate on the tertiary amine groups on the resin surface is also shown (46).

Light filters for colorimeters, see Filters, optical Limiting cathode potential 509 see also Controlled potential electro-analysis Linear regression 145 Lion intoximeter 747 Liquid amalgams applications of, 412 apparatus for reductions, 413 general discussion, 412 reductions with, (T) 413 zinc amalgam, 413 Liquid ion exchangers structure, 204 uses, 204, 560... 

The most common and diverse approach to cleanup (and extraction of water samples) in pesticide residue analysis is SPE. Over the last 20 years, improvements and diversifications in SPE formats, sorbent types, and apparatus have made SPE a widely used approach for a variety of applications, including the analysis of pesticide residues. SPE cartridges or disks can be likened to low-resolution HPLC columns in that similar stationary and mobile phases are used. A typical particle size in SPE is 40 pm, and the plastic cartridges are generally packed with 0.1-1 g of sorbent in plastic tubes. The choice of reversed-phase, normal-phase, and ion-exchange media in SPE is very diverse, and Table 2 lists some of the more popular SPE applications for the cleanup of pesticides. 

Principle Instead of long-lasting extraction with different organic solvents, acids or bases in the Soxhlet apparatus is unsuitable for the extraction of most flavonoids, the Amberlite IR-45 (OH) ion-exchange resin was used for the extraction of plant phenolics. 

Pentaervthrltol Diacetonide (PEDA). Pentaerythrltol, 27 g (0.2 mol), and acetone, 75 g, were heated overnight with 1 g of Rohm and Haas XN-1010 strong acid Ion exchange resin In a Soxhiet extraction apparatus containing 3A zeolite. The mixture was diluted with additional acetone and unreacted pentaerythrltol was filtered off. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product was partitioned between water and ether. 

Agitated tank reactors Batch agitated reactor This is a batch stirred tank reactor. For liquid-solid systems, the liquid is agitated by a mechanical apparatus (impeller) and the reactor is of tank shape. For gas-solid systems, the gas is agitated and rapidly circulated through a fixed-bed of solids. This reactor is basically an experimental one used for adsorption, ion exchange, and catalysis studies. 

Figure 28-19 Apparatus for trapping basic or acidic gases by Ion exchange.ffrom a a sterner, "Ion Exchange Resins for Trapping Gases Carbonate Determination," Anal. Chem. 1987, 59,2439.]...

Fig. 13.8 Overall perspective view of the charge exchange apparatus. A thermal Na beam is laser excited in the interaction region to produce a target for Rydberg-to-Rydberg charge transfer experiments. The number of target Rydberg atoms is determined by pulsed field ionization between the parallel plates and by collection of the resultant ions in the electron...

D. Logie (83) described a new analytical separation technique by applying ion-exchange membranes, which can be used for the determination of boron in sodium metal. By treatment with water, the Na is converted to NaOH, borate being formed from the boron. When the solution is introduced in the anode chamber of a two-cell apparatus fitted with a negative membrane, the Na+ ion is transported to the cathode chamber, whereas the borate anion remains in the anode chamber. In general this method can be applied, if the trace element yields an ion with a charge which opposite to that of the main component. 

Sanple Preparation. Copper Y zeolite was prepared by ion exchange of sodium Y (Linde SK-40) zeolite with aqueous Cu(N03)2 solution. CuigNa24Y(Cu Y) (11) was obtained by stirring a slurry of 50g of NaY in 1 dm of 0.1 M Cu Oj at 25° for 4 h. The copper content was determined by spectrophotometry of Cu + after dissolution of exchanged sieve. The Cu Y zeolite was washed, air dried, and 2g samples were dehydrated in an apparatus (Fig. la) under vacuum first at room temperature and then at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C, being held at each temperature for one hour. 

In 1939, Manegold and Kalauch assembled a three-compartment ED apparatus consisting of a permselective anion-exchange membrane and a cation-exchange one. It was, however, only in the early 1950s that the manufacture of selective membranes from ion exchangers allowed the multicompartment electrodialysers to be assembled (Shaposhnik and Kesore, 1997). 

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