Iodine prophylaxis

Refetoff, S. 1990. A review of risks of external irradiation of the thyroid gland. Pages 101-103 in Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents Proceedings of the Joint WHO/CEC Workshop. July 1988. Pergamon Press, New York. 

The therapeutic strategy should rely on preventative measures. Endemic goitre and endemic cretinism as well as more subtle deficits of neurological function associated with iodine deficiency have been shown to be prevented with adequate iodine prophylaxis. Adequate and continuous supply is the key to successful prevention programmes. 

On the other hand, excess iodine intake may also inhibit thyroid function, by either inhibition of iodide organification (Wolff-Charkoff effect) or inhibition of Tg proteolysis with reduction in hormone secretion, and may manifest itself either as a goiter, as hypothyroidism with/without goiter, or as hyperthyroidism (0.01-0.6% in populations on iodine prophylaxis), the outcome depending on the initial and current iodine status and current thyroid dysfunction (European Commission, 2002). The comparison of iodine intake and concentrations of serum Tg at various physiological or pathophysiological conditions is shown in Table 6.1. 

Baunch et a ., 1993, results from before iodine prophylaxis was introduced, h, hour. 

Possible dietary sources of iodine for vegans include iodized salt and seaweed (Lightowler and Davies, 1996). In many developing countries, iodized salt is considered a good medium for iodine prophylaxis. However, although some iodized salt contains 1527-25 57 fig/lOOg (equivalent to 76-128 pg/teaspoon), encouragement to use this... 

The possible consequences in terms of iodine loss from the increased UI excretion in different study populations have been investigated in Ireland and the UK, areas of borderline dietary iodine intake. Data have been compared to the values obtained from Sri Lanka, in which a program of iodine prophylaxis via iodized salt has been in operation for some years, and are shown in Table 49.5 (Smyth, 1999). 

Zimmermann et al. (2002) remind us that, in less industrialized countries, children are at high risk for both goiter and anemia, and that ID adversely effects thyroid metabolism, reducing the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in areas... 

Iodine Deficiency and Thyroid Cancers Effect of Iodine Prophylaxis on Thyroid Cancer Morphology... 

We will analyze those thyroid cancers that were shown to have undergone changes in their incidence after the implementation of iodine prophylaxis in different endemic goiter areas, probably through the effect of dietary iodine in relation to serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels and increase of thyroiditis, as well as in relation to the standard of medical care. We will also focus on the effect of salt iodization... 

The histological classification of thyroid tumors following the World Health Organization nomenclature (DeLellis et al.y 2004) is shown in Table 53.1. Thyroid cancers that were shown to change their incidence after iodine prophylaxis... 

Table 53.4 PapillaryTollicular carcinoma ratio in endemic goiter areas before and/or after iodine prophylaxis...

The ratio of papillary to follicular carcinoma increases after iodine prophylaxis. 

A decrease of undifferentiated carcinoma after iodine prophylaxis could be linked to better medical care. 

Higher incidence of thyroid lymphoma after iodine prophylaxis is fikely to be related to an increase of lymphocytic thyroiditis. 

Iodine deficiency at any degree of severity causes maternal and fetal hypothyroxinemia. As thyroid hormones of the mother and the fetus must be kept at optimal levels, iodine prophylaxis should be provided, especially in iodine deficient areas. To establish normal fetal brain development, iodine supplementation must be started before pregnancy and should be continued during the gestational period. 

Effects of silent iodine prophylaxis and iodized salt implementation programs in pregnant women... 

Reduced Iodine Intake and Iodine Prophylaxis in Pregnancy Importance of Hypothyroxinemia in the First Trimester of Gestation... 

Evaluating the Efficiency of lodization Programs Impact of Iodine Prophylaxis on Different Aspects of Life and Society... 

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