Iodine deficiency effects

Maternal hypothyroxinemia due to Iodine deficiency effects on fetal neurocognitive development... 

To summarize, it should be stated that the prophylaxis model in Poland based on iodization of household salt has brought expected results (Szybihski et al., 2001). However, in view of the existing threats, elements that may indicate iodine deficiency effects should be monitored. This is a problem not only for doctors and scientific societies, but also for all state bodies responsible for the health of the nation. 

A number of dietary deficiencies may increase the risk of deleterious cyanide effects. Iodine deficiency is involved in the etiology of such thyroid disorders as goiter and cretinism. These disorders may be exacerbated by excess exposure to cyanide (Delange and Ermans 1971 Ermans et al. 1972). Protein deficiencies and vitamin B12, riboflavin and other vitamins and elemental deficiencies may subject people... 

Laminaria angusta Kjellim. L. cichorioides Miyabe. L. japonica Aresch. L. longipedalis Okam. L. religiosa Miyabe. Kun Bu or Hai Dai (thallus) Iodine, potasium, calcium, amino acids, laminarin, laminine, algin.33 Improve thyroid function, correct the malignant vicious cycle effect of iodine deficiency, lower blood pressure. 

Delange F. Correction of iodine deficiency benefits and possible side effects. Eur J Endocrinol 1995 132(5) 542-3. 

Ingbar SH. Autoregulation of the thyroid the effects of thyroid iodine enrichment and depletion. In Hall R, Kobberling J, editors. Thyroid Disorders Associated with Iodine Deficiency and Excess 22. New York Raven Press, 1985 153 Serono Symposia Publications. 

Reinhardt W, Luster M, Rudorff KH, Heckmann C, Petrasch S, Lederbogen S, Haase R, Sailer B, Reiners C, Reinwein D, Mann K. Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto s thyroiditis residing in an area of mild iodine deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 1998 139(l) 23-8. 

Iodine deficiency has its most devastating effects on babies while they are in the womb and during their first three months oflife. These are the critical periods of brain development and lack of iodine leads to irreversible effects and permanent mental retardation and on average such children have an IQ of around 85 compared to the IQ of 100 of children who develop normally. Many exhibit the symptoms of brain damage due to lack of iodine, and this condition affects as many... 

Iodine is not present in sufficient amounts in the diet in several areas of the world an iodine deficiency results in goiter. The addition of iodine to table salt has been extremely effective in reducing the incidence of goiter. The iodine content of most foods is in the area of a few mg/100 g and is subject to great local variations. Fish and shellfish have higher levels. Saltwater fish have levels of about 50 to 150 mg/100 g and shellfish may have levels as high as 400 mg/100 g. 

TABLE 10.10 Effects of Iodine Deficiency on Oigans and Hormones... 

M14. Morii, H., and Talmage, R. V., Effect of iodine-deficiency on thyrocalcitonin secretion. Proc. Soc. ExpU. Biol. Med. 122, 382-384 (1966). 

Endocrine Effects. Thyroid hormone metabolism is the result of a balance in iodine and selenium levels. Selenium is a component of the deiodinase enzymes, including the Type I and Type II iodothyronine 5 -deiodinases, which convert the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the active form, triiodothyronine (T3) (Kohrle 1994 St Germain and Galton 1997). Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism but if iodine deficiency is accompanied by selenium deficiency, thyroid gland destruction may also occur (Contempre et al. 1991a Hofbauer et al. 1997). Supplementation of individuals deficient in both iodine and selenium with selenium produces a further decrease in thyroid function, but if selenium supplementation is preceded by normalization of iodine levels, normal thyroid function is restored (Contempre et al. 1991a, 1992). 

Intermediate-Duration Exposure. No human studies of intermediate inhalation exposure to selenium were located. Following oral exposure, one study in humans revealed endocrine effects in iodine-deficient individuals (Contempre et al. 1991a, 1992) and others revealed endocrine effects in individuals receiving sufficient levels of iodine (Duffield et al. 1999 Hawkes and Keim 1995). Results from one study in humans revealed dermal effects following intermediate dermal exposure (Pringle... 

Contempre B, Dumont JE, Ngo B, et al. 1991a. Effect of selenium supplementation in hypothyroid subjects of an iodine and selenium deficient area The possible danger of indiscriminate supplementation of iodine-deficient subjects with selenium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73(1) 213-215. 

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