Iodide vapor

Insulin derivatives lb 401 lodate anions la 188,190 lb 307 Iodine staining lb 278 Iodine-azide reaction lb 85,301-304 Iodide anions la 190 lb 76,77,128,129 Iodide vapor la 46,64,78 lodination la 66... 

Solid tertiary amines and imines may be quantitatively alkylated by gas-solid and solid-solid techniques. Methylation of quinuclidine (176) to give the methoiodide 177 is achieved waste-free by exposure of 176 to a stoichiometric amount of methyl iodide vapor (Scheme 23). Difficulties with the disintegration of the crystals of 177 from those of 176 (reaction step 3) are overcome by ultrasound treatment from a cleaning bath at 20 °C [22]. Numerous applications of this technique to tertiary amines can be envisaged. However, solid Troeger s base (with interlocked layers, i.e., no possibility for molecular migrations) is not alkylated by methyl iodide vapor unless an excess of the vapor is applied to induce intermediate (partial) liquefying of the solid [22]. 

Nal (g). Vapor pressure data were reported by von Wartenberg and Albrecht1 and Ruff and Mugdan.1 We have taken V=—38.61100 and calculated —50.4 for the heat of sublimation at 18°. Sommermeyer1 calculated, from the spectral absorption limit of sodium iodide vapor, D = —70. 

Miyaki and Fujimoto and co-workers [16,17] have obtained an even finer distribution of fixed charge groups by casting films from multicomponent block copolymers such as poly(isoprene- >-styrene- >-butadiene- >-(4-vinyl benzyl)dime-thylamine- Msoprene). These films show a very regular domain structure with a 200-500 A spacing. After casting the polymer film, the (4-vinyl benzyl) dimethy-lamine blocks were quatemarized with methyl iodide vapor, and the styrene blocks were sulfonated with chlorosulfuric acid. 

The open end of the reaction tube is attached to an oil pump through a dust trap, and dry nitrogen is admitted at a rate such that the pressure is maintained at or below 25 mm. The bismuth(III) iodide is sublimed into the receiver end of the tube by heating with the spread burner flame and with an auxiliary Tirrill burner adjusted to maximum heat. Satisfactory progress of the sublimation is indicated by the persistence of yellowish-brown bis-muth(III) iodide vapors and by the absence of the violet color of iodine vapor. When the sublimation is complete, the tube is allowed to cool to room temperature in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The product is scraped from the receiver section of the tube and stored out of contact with the atmosphere. The yield is 72% based on bismuth. Anal. Calcd. for Bil3 Bi, 35.44. Found Bi, 35.42. The same result is found upon analysis of a resublimed sample of this product. 

He also indicated that similar data were obtained for K2C1 , Na2Cl and LI2CI. Subsequently, Friedman ( ) reported a similar, but more extensive study of lithium iodide vapor, which indicated that v50% of the ion current was from a dimer species. 

Aqueous solutions LiNOg-KNO eutectic solns. Chelate vapors Bromide and iodide vapors... 

Four rats died soon after developing severe ataxia following inhalation of unspecified concentrations of methylmercury iodide vapor for 22 days (Hunter et al. 1940). 

When exposed to methyl iodide vapor at room temperature for 5 h, the crystalline powder of 1 d was changed into the 1 2 inclusion complex of 1 d with methyl iodide. 

The hot-wire process eliminates oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, the impurities most difficult to keep out of zirconium in other processes, but other metals that form volatile iodides are not removed completely. The main disadvantage of the process is its low capacity, the rate of production being limited by the rate of diffusion of iodide vapor to the small wire. Temperatures used for producing metals of the IVA group by the hot-wire process are listed in Table 7.13. 

QUECKSILBER (German) (7439-97-6) Violent reaction with alkali metals, aluminum, acetylenic compounds, azides, boron phosphodi iodide (vapor explodes), bromine, 3-bromo-propyne, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ethylene oxide, lithium, metals, methyl silane (when shaken in air), nitromethane, peroxyformic acid, potassium, propargyl hromide, rubidium, sodium, sodium carbide. Forms sensitive explosive products with acetylene, ammonia (anhydrous), chlorine, picric acid. Increases the explosive sensitivity of methyl azide. Mixtures with hot sulfuric acid can be explosive. Incompatible with calcium, sodium acetylide, nitric acid. Reacts with copper, silver, and many other metals (except iron), forming amalgams. 

By this method a slow and steady evolution of methane is produced. The gas contains a trace of methyl iodide vapor from which it must be separated. Magnesium may be used instead of zinc in the preparation of methane from methyl iodide. When the metal is warmed with the iodide a vigorous reaction takes... 

It is a tertiary base and gdves a crystalline methiodide when heated with methyl iodide at 100° for three hours (36). When this salt is treated with caustic potash it pves, not methylcusparine as supposed by Beckurts (37), but isocusparine. This contains an W-methyl in place of the 0-methyl group of cusparine. The isomerizaticm can also be accomplished by heating cusparine at 120-190° in methyl iodide vapor... 

Cusparine is heated gradually in a stream of methyl iodide vapor. The base melts at 93, and shows no further change until the temperature reaches 120, when a pale yellow solid product is obtained. The temperature is then gradually rai until at 191 fusion again occurs. After cooling, the product is crystallised from alcohol, giving isocusparine as colorless needles, m.p. 193-191, free from halogen yidd 90%. 

Toxicity The acute toxicity of methyl iodide is moderate by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. This substance is readily absorbed through the skin and may cause systemic toxicity as a result. Methyl iodide is moderately irritating upon contact with the skin and eyes. Methyl iodide is an acute neurotoxin. Symptoms of exposure (which may be delayed for several hours) can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, slurred speech, visual disturbances, and tremor. Massive overexposure may cause pulmonary edema, convulsions, coma, and death. Chronic exposure to methyl iodide vapor may cause neurotoxic effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and blurred vision. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of methyl iodide to experimental animals it is not classified as an OSHA "select carcinogen."... 

Rain or snow might be made to form by seeding with crushed ice. It is hard, however, to crush ice to a powder, and hence no large number of seeds can be distributed. It was discovered by the American scientist Irving Langmuir that minute crystals of silver iodide, formed by condensation of silver iodide vapor, can serve as seeds for ice crystals. This discovery is the basis of the silver iodide method of making rain or snow by seeding supersaturated parts of the atmosphere. 

Solution If the methyl iodide vapor is present at much lower concentrations than the pyridine, we can approximate this as a first-order reaction whose rate r is... 

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