Intrinsic obstruction

The pelviureteric junction is by far the most common site of urinary obstruction in children (see also Chaps. 5 and 26). The obstruction may be caused by some intraluminal lesion, by a functional abnormality of the proximal ureter leading to an intrinsic obstruction, by external compression, usually because of an aberrant renal vessel, or it may be secondary to some other urinary tract abnormality, usually vesicoureteric reflux causing secondary obstruction. 

As we saw in Chapter 10, the stress required to make a crystalline material deform plastically is that needed to make the dislocations in it move. Their movement is resisted by (a) the intrinsic lattice resistance and (b) the obstructing effect of obstacles (e.g. dissolved solute atoms, precipitates formed with undissolved solute atoms, or other dislocations). Diffusion of atoms can unlock dislocations from obstacles in their path, and the movement of these unlocked dislocations under the applied stress is what leads to dislocation creep. 

Technically this means rather more than bad conductor . Metals conduct electricity because some of their electrons come free of their parent atoms and are at liberty to roam through the material. Their motion corresponds to an electrical current. A semiconductor also has wandering electrons, but only a few. They are not intrinsically free, but can be shaken loose from their atoms by mild heat some are liberated at room temperature. So a semiconductor becomes a better conductor the hotter it is. Metals, in contrast, become poorer conductors when hot, because they gain no more mobile electrons from a rise in temperature and the dominant effect is simply that hot, vibrating atoms obstruct the movement of the free electrons. 

Laboratory Test Prerenal Azotemia Acute Intrinsic Renal Faihiie Postrenal Obstruction... 

Hepatobiliary transporters are affected by both systemic inflammation (e.g., arising from an infection) and inflammation intrinsic to the liver (e.g., acute inflammatory cholestasis caused by drug or alcohol abuse). As described above, endotoxin or turpentine are used to trigger systemic inflammation in rodents. Other rodent models of cholangitis include ethinylestradiol (oral contraceptive-induced cholestasis/cholestasis of pregnancy), alpha-naphthylisocyanate (vanishing bile duct syndrome), and common bile duct ligation (extrahepatic biliary obstruction) [87, 88]. 

There is a small risk for bacterial endocarditis in HCM patients with LV outflow obstruction under resting conditions and in those with intrinsic mitral valve disease. Patients undergoing dental or selected surgical procedures that cause blood-borne bacteremia should receive appropriate antibiotic therapy. The administration of nitroglycerin and digoxin generally is discouraged in the presence of a LV outflow obstruction. ... 

Obstruction of the biliary passages, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, causes serum alkaline phosphatase elevation. The degree of elevation is very variable (Bll, S12). In most instances, values are greater than 3 times the upper reference limit, but they rarely exceed 10 times the upper reference limit (see Fig. 10). 

However, the low intrinsic activity of this steroid hindered its widespread use. The glucocorticoid receptor affinity and the topical anti-inflammatory potency of fluocortin butyl (30)are severalfold lower than those of dexa-methasone (126). Fluocortin butyl ameliorated allergic rhinitis at daily doses of 2-8-mg divided into two to four daily inhalations (129, 130), but it did not protect against bronchial obstruction in bronchial provocation tests, even at 8-mg doses divided into four daily inhalations, in contrast to a 10 times lower dose of beclomethasone dipropionate (131). 

ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder AV, atrioventricular BPH, benign prostatic hypertrophy CAD, coronary artery disease CHF, congestive heart failure COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CV, cardiovascular DA, dopamine Dl, subtype 1 dopamine receptor Epi, epinephrine FFA, free fatty acids 5-HT, serotonin ISA, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity MI, myocardial infarction NE, norepinephrine NO, nitric oxide PVR, peripheral vascular resistance. 

Causes of excessive daytime sleepiness are numerous and include Intrinsic sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and narcolepsy circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as jet lag and sleep disorders associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and depression (42). In many Instances, excessive daytime sleepiness is treated by addressing the underlying cause however, the specific etiology of narcolepsy Is unknown. Narcolepsy also can be characterized by brief periods of muscle paralysis (cataplexy). 

In a porous medium the value of diffusion coefficient, beside this, is affected by porosity and dual electric layer at the separation surface of water with other media. They obstruct the diffusion in underground water and decrease the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient taking this effect into account is called intrinsic diffusion coefficient. Its value is equal to... 

Paralytic ileus, due to intrinsic abnormalities of the bowel wall, can be caused for example by drugs, after laparotomy, sepsis or peritonitis. Obstructive ileus is most often due to extrinsic causes, for example adhesions (in 70% of cases), incarcerated hernia, small bowel wall hematoma posttraumatic, neoplasms, Crohn disease and intussusception (Parker 2003 Devos and Meradji 2003). Clinically the child has a distended and tender abdomen with failure to pass stools or no defecation and possibly (bilious) vomiting. 

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