Vesicoureteral reflux

Lipsky H. Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with collagen. Pediatr Snrg Int 1991 6 301-3. 

Polytetrafluoroethylene (Polytef) is widely used in industry. Teflon is used in household appliances to avoid sticking of food. Polytef paste is used for a variety of medical purposes, including replacement grafts in vascular surgery, vocal cord or fold augmentation, and correction of vesicoureteric reflux and urinary incontinence. 

Davies N, Atwell JD. Primary vesicoureteric reflux treatment with subureteric injection of Polytef paste. Br J Urol 1991 67(5) 536-40. 

Vesicoureteral reflux represents a condition in which urine is forced up the ureters to the kidneys. Urinary reflux is associated not only with an increased incidence of UTIs and pyelonephritis but also with renal damage. Reflux may be the result of a congenital abnormality or, more commonly, bladder overdistension from obstruction. 

Some proteins are used for local treatments collagen injections, for example, are used to treat urinary incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux. Collagen has also been modified by covalent attachment of PEG [36], with the hope that the implanted collagen would be less immunogenic and would be retained at the injection site for a longer time. 

The most common renal causes of an apparent acute abdomen are upper urinary tract infection, especially pyelonephritis, renal colic due to a stone in the urinary tract, and acute presentation of a pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Children may localize the pain to the abdomen, not the loin. Urinary tract infections, usually related to vesicoureteral reflux, may cause similar symptoms to those of intussusception, mostly in young children. In most of these cases US is normal and only in high-grade reflux... 

Cartilage, corneal implants, cell delivery, vesicoureteral reflux or reflux esophagitis treatment, bladder cartilage formation, bone, periodontal surgery... 

Atala, A., Kim, W., Paige, K. T., Vacanti, C. A. Retik, A. B. (1994) Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with a chondroc34e-alginate suspension. J Urol, 152, 641-3 discussion 644. 

Drug overdose A 4-year-old girl with a history of stenotic pulmonary artery and vesicoureteric reflux swallowed some of her grandmother s tablets and developed irregular breathing, cyanosis, respiratory depression, somnolence, body shakes, hallucinations, and seizures [198 ]. She was given naloxone 0.05 mg/kg and recovered. 

Hsieh MH, Madden-Fuentes RJ, Lindsay NE, Roth DR. Treatment of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux using endoscopic injection of hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gek intermediate-term experience by a single surgeon. Urology 2010 76(1) 199-203. 

Ascenti G, Zimbaro G, Mazziotti S et al (2004) Harmonic US imaging of vesicoureteric reflux in children usefulness of a second generation US contrast agent. Pediatr Radiol 34 481-487... 

Berrocal T, Gaya F, Arjonilla A (2005) Vesicoureteral reflux can the urethra be adequately assessed by using contrast-enhanced voiding US of the bladder Radiology 234 235-241... 

Renal scarring secondary to vesicoureteral reflux may be the cause of renovascular hypertension. Renal ablation is an alternative to nephrectomy to remove to involved kidney. The selective embolization should be performed with alcohol to prevent collateral revascularization. The efficacy is debated considering that embolization may delay the definitive treatment [26]. Gelfoam and coils are less valuable than alcohol because of collateral revascularization (Fig. 23.9a,b). 

Atala A, Cima L G, Kim W et al., Injectable alginate seeded with chrondrocytes as a potential treatment for vesicoureteral reflux , J. Urol., 1993, 150, 745-7. 

Atala A, Kim W, Paige K T, Vacanti C A and Retik A B, Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with a chrondrocyte-alginate suspension , J. Urol., 1994,152, 641-3. 

Contrary to IVU, which was supplanted by sonography, MRI and nuclear medicine, VCU remains the gold-standard examination for imaging the bladder and the urethra and detecting vesicoureteral reflux. 

Atala A, Wible JH, Share JC et al (1993) Sonography with sonicated albumin in the detection of vesicoureteral reflux. JUrol 150 756-758... 

Paltiel HJ, Rupich RC, Kiruluta HG (1992) Enhanced detection of vesicoureteral reflux in infants and children with use of cyclic voiding cystourethrography. Radiology 184 753-755... 

Phan V, Traubici J, Hershenfield B, Stephens D, Rosenblum ND, Geary D (2003) Vesicoureteral reflux in infants... 

Zerin JM, Ritchey ML, Chang ACH (1993) Incidental vesicoureteral reflux in neonates with antenatally detected hydronephrosis and other renal abnormalities. Radiology 187 157-160... 

Najmaldin A, Burge DM, Atwell JD (1990) Reflux nephropathy secondary to intrauterine vesicoureteric reflux. J Pediatr Surg 25 387-390... 

Polito C, La Manna A, Rambaldi PF, Nappi B, Mansi L, Di Toro R (2000) High incidence of a generally small kidney and primary vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol 164 479-482... 

Canivet E, Wampach H, Brandt B et al (1997) Assessment of radioisotopic micturating cystography for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in renal transplant recipients with acute pyelonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12 67-70... 

Transient megacystis may he a sign of obstruction and/or vesicoureteric reflux. In boys, it could be the consequence of transient bladder outlet obstruction and the starting point of a series of abnormalities. Notably, it could explain the male predominance in neonatal vesicoureteric reflux. This hypothesis was... 

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