Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Mixed asthma (caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors)... 

LUDIKHUYZE L, RODRIGO L and HENDRICKSE M (2000) The activity of myrosinase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.cv. Italica) influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors J Food Protect, 63 400-403. 

Major determinants of membrane fluidity may be grouped within two categories [53] (1) intrinsic determinants, i.e., those quantifying the membrane composition and phase behavior, and (2) extrinsic determinants, i.e., environmental factors (Table 1). In general, any manipulation that induces an increase in the molal volume of the lipids, e.g., increase in temperature or increase in the fraction of unsaturated acyl chains, will lead to an increase in membrane fluidity. In addition, several intrinsic and extrinsic factors presented in Table 1 determine the temperature at which the lipid molecules undergo a transition from the gel state to liquid crystalline state, a transition associated with a large increase in bilayer fluidity. 

Calof A.L. (1995). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating vertebrate neurogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 5, 19-27. 

There are four major transformation pathways leading from the DOM pool into the microbial loop direct uptake and photolysis-, ectoenzyme-, and sorption-mediated uptake (Fig. 1). Each of these pathways or processes is regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are elements of the pathway itself and include DOM characteristics, enzyme kinetics, and microbial diversity. For instance, the uptake characteristics of the resident microbial community will affect which monomers are assimilated from the pool of DOM. Conversely, the composition of the DOM pool is likely to affect which microbial consortia are present and active at any given time. 

The recognition that cells such as neurons and muscle or cardiac cells, which were previously considered incapable of proliferating in old age, retain the potential for plasticity and regeneration has opened the way to the study of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may facilitate tissue repair in neurodegenerative diseases of old age. Likewise, the identification of pluripotent cells, such as stem cells, that are potentially capable of acquiring the structure and function of a variety of specialized cells promises to let us effectively replace lost tissues and functions. 

A pharmacodynamic (PD) model describing the relationship between the observed concentration/exposure measure (e.g. the area under the plasma concentration-time profile AUC) and the observed drug effects on biomarkers, efficacy or safety measurements (or endpoints). Time dependent changes (e.g. development of tolerance) and influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors should also be reflected in the model. 

For a successful simulation the distribution of interesting intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the patient population should be available. Furthermore, the com-... 

It is well recognised that the growth rate can be affected by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to the host, such as host species or strain (733), host nutrition, endocrine status or environmental conditions (e.g. temperature), as well as the worm burden present. 

Peptide models of a-helices have revealed much about the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control helix formation in peptides and proteins (1-5). While considerable progress has been made in our understanding of helix formation and stabilization, the same cannot be said of the situation regarding two other important classes of secondary structure p-sheets and p-tums. The reason for this is that there has not yet been a p-sheet model developed that is as simple to prepare and as easy to characterize as a monomeric helix. 

Cancer, or neoplasia, which occurs in one of every four individuals and results in the death of one of every five individuals in the United States, is a complex disease with multiple causes. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence the development of cancer. Intrinsic or host factors include age, sex, genetic constitution, immune system function, metabolism, hormone levels, and nutritional status. Extrinsic factors include substances eaten, drunk, or smoked workplace and environmental (air, water, and soil) exposures natural and medical radiation exposure ... 

Figure 6 Intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulating specific gene expression and its effect on tissue phenotype and function.

First, a wide variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence the outcome of a lethality test. These include species, strain or substrain, age, weight, and sex of the animals husbandry practices (e.g., type of bedding and cage population) environmental conditions feed and water quality nutritional state and volume and vehicles of test substance delivery. The... 

DNA mutations arise from a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Our genome is constantly under the assault of various genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation, oxygen free radicals, and UV light. These agents... 

A table, usually located in an appendix to a clinical safety subsection, is to list all deaths occurring while subjects/patients are on study, including deaths that occurred shortly following (e.g., within 30 days) treatment termination. Only deaths that are clearly disease-related as described in a clinical study protocol and are not related to the administration of a drug candidate can be excepted from this table. All deaths should be examined for any unexpected patterns between study treatment arms and further analyzed if unexplained differences are noted. Deaths are to be examined individually and analyzed on the basis of rates in individual clinical trials and appropriate pools of trials, considering both total mortality and cause-related deaths. Potential relationships of death to demographic, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors should also be considered. 

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