Intracellular calcium response

Delon J, Bercovici N, Liblau R, Trautmann A. Imaging antigen recognition by naive CD4+ T cells compulsory cytoskeletal alterations for the triggering of an intracellular calcium response. Eur J Immunol 1998 28(2) 716-729. 

Mounho, B.J., Davila, D.R., and Burchiel, S.W., Characterization of intracellular calcium responses produced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface marker-defined human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 145, 323, 1997. 

Nollert, M.U. and Mclntire, L.V., Convective mass transfer effects on the intracellular calcium response of endothelial cells, J. Biomech. Eng., 114,321,1992. 

Figure 2 Summary of rat carotid chemoreceptor maturation. All plots depict responses to a strong hypoxia stimulus. Hypoxia-induced CSN activity, catecholamine secretion, and intracellular calcium responses all increase over approximately the same time course. (Data adapted from Refs. 10,12,45,68.)...

Intake of a large amount of sodium chloride negates the antihypertensive effects of diuretics. Other mechanisms, such as direct vasodilating action, decreased responsiveness to vasopressor agents, stimulation of prostacyclin [35121 -78-9] production, and reduction in the intracellular calcium... 

Figure 11 depicts two characteristics of the Indo-l-detected calcium response. The intracellular Ca rise is primarily from intracellular stores because adding EGTA to chelate extracellular Ca does not inhibit the response (Figure 11, upper panel). 

The ion channel receptors are relatively simple in functional terms because the primary response to receptor activation is generated by the ion channel which is an integral part of the protein. Therefore, no accessory proteins are needed to observe the response to nicotinic AChR activation and the full functioning of the receptor can be observed by isolating and purifying the protein biochemically and reconstituting the protein in an artificial lipid membrane. In contrast, the G-protein-coupled receptors require both G-proteins and those elements such as phospholipase-C illustrated in Fig. 3.1, in order to observe the response to receptor activation (in this case a rise in intracellular calcium concentration resulting from the action of IP3 on intracellular calcium stores). 

Milrinone and inamrinone work by inhibiting phosphodiesterase III, the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cAMP. The increase in cAMP levels leads to increased intracellular calcium concentrations and enhanced contractile force generation. Milrinone has replaced inamrinone as the phosphodiesterase inhibitor of choice due to the higher frequency of thrombocytopenia seen with inamrinone. 

Because the vitamin D-endocrine system is responsible in large part for the maintenance of extra- and intracellular calcium homeostasis, it is reasonable to conclude that the interference of lead with renal... 

Arteriolar resistance changes that take place in order to maintain a constant blood flow are explained by the myogenic mechanism. According to this mechanism, vascular smooth muscle contracts in response to stretch. For example, consider a situation in which blood pressure is increased. The increase in pressure causes an initial increase in blood flow to the tissue. However, the increased blood flow is associated with increased stretch of the vessel wall, which leads to the opening of stretch-activated calcium channels in the vascular smooth muscle. The ensuing increase in intracellular calcium results in vasoconstriction and a decrease in blood flow to the tissue toward normal. 

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently discovered bioactive peptide that has emerged as a new signaling molecule in the complex circuitry that modulates sleep-wakefulness and anxiety-like behavior. The peptide precursor is expressed most prominently in a novel nucleus located in the perilocus coeruleus, a brain structure with well-defined functions in arousal, stress, and anxiety. NPS was also found to induce anxiolytic-like behavior in a battery of four different tests of innate responses to stress. Infusion of NPS potently increases wakefulness and suppresses non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep (Xu et al, 2004). NPS binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor, the NPS receptor, with nanomolar affinity activation of the receptor mobilizes intracellular calcium. The NPS receptor is expressed throughout the brain, particularly in regions relevant to the modulation of sleep and waking, in the tuberomammillary region, lateral hypothalamus, and medial thalamic nuclei. 

Pothoulakis C, Sullivan R, Malnick DA, Triad-afilopoulos G, Gadenne AS, Meshulam T, La-Mont JT Clostridium difficile toxin A stimulates intracellular calcium release and chemo-tactic response in human granulocytes. J Clin Invest 1988 81 1741-1745. 

Regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation is essentially the same in the liver and muscle, but there are a couple of wrinkles. Glycogen degradation is also activated in muscle in response to the rise in intracellular calcium levels that accompanies contraction. This is achieved by... 

In many cells, phosphoinositide signaling leads to an elevation in intracellular calcium levels through the release of calcium from intracellular stores in response to IP3-dependent gating of channels in the endoplasmic epithelium (Ch. 20). It is not known if IP3 plays a critical role in TRC transduction, but such a role would be consistent with recent findings that a Ca2+-activated cation channel, TRPM5, is essential for normal sweet, bitter and umami taste function [49,66-69],... 

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