Sleep modulation

Cortistatin a cortical neuropeptide with sleep-modulating activity... 

Because cocaine and amphetamine psychoses are anything but psychedelic, they are instructive to examine in terms of our ncurobiological hypotheses about why some altered states are dreamlike and others are not. Although cocaine and amphetamines push the dopamine system to the break point, they do not so radically alter the REM sleep modulators, norepinephrine, serotonin, or acetylcholine. Thus, they create a quite different altered state, one more akin to schizophrenia than to dream delirium. 

Borbely AA. A two process model of sleep modulation. Hum Neurobiol 1982 1 195-204. 

Sleep and its modulation by N- and N,0-heterocyclic drugs that affect y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function 99AG(E)2852. 

Cape EG and Jones, BE (1998) Differential modulation of high-frequency gamma-electroencephalogram activity and sleep-wake state by noradrenaline and serotonin microinjections into the region of cholinergic basalis neurons. J. Neurosci. 18 2653-2666. 

Alam, Md. N., Szymusiak, R., Gong, H., King, J McGinty, D. (1999). Adenosinergic modulation of rat basal forebrain neurons during sleep and waking neuronal recording with microdialysis. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 521(3), 679-90. 

Baghdoyan, H. A. Lydic, R. (1999). M2 muscarinic receptor subtype in the feline medial pontine reticular formation modulates the amount of rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep 22, 835-47. 

McCarley, R. W. Hobson, J. A. (1975). Neuronal excitability modulation over the sleep cycle a structural and mathematical model. Science 189, 58-60. 

Rapid eye movement sleep regulation by modulation of the noradrenergic system... 

Several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides influence sleep-wakefulness, including REM sleep. Although NA-ergic and ACh-ergic influences have been studied more extensively, other neurotransmitters also play an important role in the modulation of REM sleep (Sakai, 1986 Mallick et al, 1999 Jones, 2005). 

Hobson, J. A, Datta, S., Calvo, J. M. 8r Quattrochi, J. (1993). Acetylcholine as a brain state modulator triggering and long-term regulation of REM sleep. Prog. Brain Res. 98, 389-404. 

Lancel, M. (1999). Role of GABAA receptors in the regulation of sleep initial sleep responses to peripherally administered modulators and agonists. Sleep 22,... 

Mallick, B. N. Alam, M. N. (1992). Different types of norepinephrinergic receptors are involved in preoptic area mediated independent modulation of sleep-wakefulness and body temperature. Brain Res. 591, 8-19. 

Bourgin, P., Huitron-Resendiz, S., Spier, A. D. el al. (2000). Hypocretin-1 modulates rapid eye movement sleep through activation of locus coeruleus neurons. J. Neurosci. 20, 7760-5. 

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