Intracellular accumulation factor

Olgutn, E.J., Vidal, M., Sanchez-Galvan, G., and Houbron, E., Bioadsorption and intracellular accumulation factors of lead in constructed wetlands microcosms with Salvinia minima operating continuously The effect of light intensity, International Symposium on Biotechnology, Dalian, China, October 12-17,... 

Sanchez-Galvan, G., Monroy, O., G6mez, J., and Olguln, E.J., Assessment of the hyperaccumulating lead capacity of Salvinia minima using bioadsorption and intracellular accumulation factors, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 194, 77-90, 2008. 

Vaclavikova et al. [216] have investigated the effect of 13 flavonoid derivatives—aurones, chalcones, flavones, flavonols, chromones, and isoflavones—on 14 C-paclitaxel transport in two human breast cancer cell lines, the doxorubicin-resistant NCI/ADR-RES and sensitive MDA-MB-435. The compounds with known binding affinity toward the NBD of P-gp were selected. The four aurones studied most effectively inhibited P-gp-related transport in the resistant fine in comparison with other groups of flavonoids. The aurones also most effectively increased the intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel and decreased its efflux. The results obtained did not always correlate with the binding of flavonoid derivatives to P-gp, so this indicated that the binding was not the only factor influencing the transport of paclitaxel. The different aspects of inhibition of P-gp by polyphenols was recently reviewed by Kitagawa [212],... 

Chronic excessive nutrient intake leads to the deposition of fat, in not only its normal storage site, which is the adipose tissue, but also in liver and skeletal muscle. Nutrient excess also triggers an inflammatory response, with the release of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP]. These inflammatory mediators, along with the intracellular accumulation of lipid metabolites, lead to impaired insulin receptor signaling and defective metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver (37, 38). Nutrient excess also damages cells by generating reactive oxygen species, which results... 

The antiinflammatory effects of statins likely result from their ability to inhibit the formation of mevalonic acid. Downstream products of this molecule include not only the end product, cholesterol, but also several isoprenoid intermediates that covalently modify ( pre-nylate ) certain key intracellular signaling molecules. Statin treatment reduces leukocyte adhesion, accumulation of macrophages, MMPs, tissue factor, and other proinflammatory mediators. By acting on the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), statins also interfere with antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation. Statin treatment can also limit platelet activation in some assays as well. All these results support the concept that in addition to their favorable effect on the lipid profile, statins can also exert an array of antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. 

Degradability is an important factor in the assessment of the toxicity of nanomaterials [71]. Nondegradable nanomaterials may in fact accumulate in organs and/or intracellularly, where they would exert toxic effects. 

Another factor operating in the cellular uptake of heme by the hemopexin system is a membrane heme binding protein (MHBP) that accumulates heme as the system cycles (67). This protein (Mr 30 kDa) binds heme and may serve as an intracellular vehicle to transport heme... 

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