Intra-site effects

Planning a network of integrated chemical production sites causes various problems. Due to the interdependency of the production processes, local disturbances at a certain level of a particular production site can affect the site s performance entirely or at least downstream (inter-site effect). Moreover, due to the interconnectedness of production sites in a chemical production network, such a local disturbance can spread out on the entire SC (intra-site effect). This fypicaUy feads to increased risk costs. The organization and central control of chemical production networks aims at hmiting the effects of such disturbances. 

Microscopic Approach to Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effect in Crystals with Strong Intra-Site Vibronic Coupling... 

An effective Hamiltonian for a static cooperative Jahn-Teller effect acting in the space of intra-site active vibronic modes is derived on a microscopic basis, including the interaction with phonon and uniform strains. The developed approach allows for simple treatment of cooperative Jahn-Teller distortions and orbital ordering in crystals, especially with strong vibronic interaction on sites. It also allows to describe quantitatively the induced distortions of non-Jahn-Teller type. 

Schreiber utilized intra-site olefin metathesis as a key step in synthesizing C2-symmetric fhnctionalized dimeric molecules for the close association of proteins. Both (2a) and (4a) were effective at 5 mol% giving very high conversions to the dimerized product (equation 66). The E. Z ratios of the linked bead dimerized molecules were similar to what was found in analogous solution reactions. 

Although fhe sohd-phase version of the reaction was obviously slower than the corresponding solution-phase version, high yields and purities of fhe final compounds (118) were obtained, along with almost complete stereocontrol (E/Z > 99 1). The reaction was almost insensitive to electronic effects, and fhe intra-site alkene metafhesis products on sohd support [229] were never detected. 

No geographic structure was revealed by this analysis, with trees from Arch Cape, Oregon, Whitetish, Montana, and sites from northern British Columbia, including Queen Charlotte Islands, being closely associated. The authors remarked on the lack of differentiation between coastal and interior populations. A reinvestigation of red cedar from 55 sites (3-6 trees per site) provided a new data set that was analyzed by numerical and discriminant-function analyses (von Rudloff et al., 1988). These analyses confirmed the low intra- and interpopulational variation seen in the earlier study, but did reveal small differences between coastal and interior populations. No correlations between northern and southern populations emerged from the analyses likewise, elevation had no effect on terpene composition. 

Elevated ET-1 in SCA patients, even in the steady state, may play an important role in the dehydration of sickle erythrocytes and the resulting enhanced intra-erythrocytic HbS polymerization. Indeed, it has been shown that ET-1 activates Ca2+- gated K+ channels in mouse erythrocytes [34]. ET-1, as a pro-inflammatory agonist, has been shown to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes. One of the cytokines, namely TNFa enhances the adherence of sickle erythrocytes to vascular endothelium [35]. In addition, endothehns upregulate the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as ICAM-l, VCAM-1 and E-se-lectin, which participate in the recruitment of white cells to the site of inflammation. The overall conclusions that can be drawn from these data is that ET-1 plays a critical role in the vasospasm and inflammation that result in VOC. The major effect of HU in ameliorating the clinical symptoms of SCA likely results from its ability to inhibit the chronically activated ET-1 expression in SCA patients. 

A further result of this analysis, as shown in Fig. 4, is that while the relative spectral intensities are determined by the individual site f-factors, the temperature dependence of all the sub-spectra together in the temperature range studied is determined by the motion of the center of mass of the whole Auj, cluster. This can be seen by the uniform decrease of the total intensity with increasing temperature, without any visible change in the general shape of the spectrum. In effect, this means that the f-factors for the individual sites must be multiplied by an f-factor due to the motion of the whole particle [24]. See also Refs. [95,96,97], where this concept was originally developed. The use of such an inter-cluster f-factor, in addition to the usual intra-cluster f-factor, also resolved the problem of the apparent deficiency in the total f-factor at 1.25 K when compared to bulk gold. 

The mineralocorticosteroid activity of methyl-prednisolone is even less than that of prednisone/ prednisolone. It has a comparable duration of action. It is less suitable for substitution therapy in patients with adrenal hypofunctional states. Methyl-prednisolone sodium succinate is formulated for parental administration while methylprednisolone acetate is used for intra-articularly or peri-articularly injections. It can also be administered IM and then has prolonged systemic effects, lasting 1 weeks as the acetate is absorbed slowly from the site of injection. Oral absorption is rapid with peak effects within 1-2 hours. The duration of action is then about 1.5 days. 

In (1), Hq yields the total energy of system in which the molecules and the lattice are excited, yet there are no interactions between molecules and the lattice. The transfer of an electron from site m to site n is given by //j. Polaronic effects, i.e., effects due to the interaction of the electronic excitation and the lattice, are given by H2 and H. hi H2, the energy of the site is reduced by the interaction with the lattice vibration. In H, the lattice vibration alters the transition probability amplitude from site m to n. The term lattice vibration may refer to inter-molecular or intra-molecular vibrations. Static disorder effects are considered in H4, which describes the changes to the site energy or transition probabihty amplitude by variations in the structure of the molecular sohd. 

---