Intestinal in vitro

DF Evered, HG Randall. The absorption of amino acid derivatives of nitrogen mustard from rat intestine in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 11 371-376, 1962. 

H Daniel, C Fett, A Kratz. Demonstration and modification of intervillus pH profiles in rat small intestine in vitro. Am J Physiol 257 G489-G495, 1989. 

Foster, N., Dean, E.J. and Lee, D.L. (1994) The effect of homogenates and excretory/secretory products of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and of acetylcholinesterases on the amplitude and frequency of contraction of uninfected rat intestine in vitro. Parasitology 108, 453-459. 

Plumb JA, Burston D, Baker TG, Gardner MLG (1987) A comparison of the structural integrity of several commonly used preparations of rat small intestine in vitro. Clin Sci 73 53-59. 

Zakelj S, Sturm K, Kristi A (2006) Ciprofloxacin permeability and its active secretion through rat small intestine in vitro. Int J Pharm 313 175-180. 

Another trend observed during the past decade was the coating of liposomes with mucoadhesive polymers. Liposomes are coated with chitosan, long-ehain polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylates bearing a cholesteryl group [90]. Chitosan-eoated liposomes showed superior adhesion properties to rat intestine in vitro than the other polymer-eoated liposomes. In vivo, chitosan-coated liposomes containing insulin substantially reduced blood glueose levels after oral administration in rats, whieh were sustained up to 12 hr after administration [90]. 

Hardcastle J, Hardcastle PT, Noble JM. 1983a. The secretory action of BaCI2 in rat small intestine in vitro. J Physiol 338 50P-51P. 

Takeuchi, H., Yamamoto, H., Niwa, T., Hino, T., and Kawashima, Y. Mucoadhesion of polymer-coated liposomes to rat intestine in vitro. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 1994 42, 9, 1954-1956. 

Sriamornsak P, Thirawong N, Nunthanid J, Puttipipatkhachorn S, Thongborisute J, Takeu-chi H (2008) Atomic force microscopy imaging of novel self-assembling pectin-liposome nanocomplexes. Carbohydr Polym 71 (2) 324—329 Takeuchi H, Yamamoto H, Niwa T, Hino T, Kawashima Y (1994) Mucoadhesion of polymer-coated liposomes to rat intestine in vitro. Chem Pharm Bull 42(9) 1954-1956 Takeuchi H, Yamamoto H, Niwa K, Hino T, Kawashima Y (1996) Enteral absorption of insulin in rats from mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes. Pharm Res 13 896-901 Takeuchi H, Kojima H, Yamamoto H, Kawashima Y (2000) Polymer coating of liposomes with a modified polyvinyl alcohol and their systemic circulation and RES uptake in rats. J Control Rel 68(2) 195-205... 

Wiwattanapatapee, R. Carreno-Gomez, B. Malik, N. Duncan, R. Anionic PAMAM dendrimers rapidly cross adult rat intestine in vitro a potential oral delivery system Pharm. Res. 2000,17, 991-998. 

Warfarin absorption by rat intestine in vitro was reported not to be affected by kaolin. With clindamycin, the rate (but not the amount) of absorption was affected by kaolin. ... 

Sadoogh-Abasian, F. and Evered, D.F. (1980) Absorption of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide from rat small intestine in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,... 

Bridges JF, Woodley JF, Duncan R, et al. Soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers as a potential oral, controlled-release, drag delivery system. I. Bioadhesion to the rat intestine in vitro. Int J Pharm 1988 44 213-223. 

H)2D increases reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney and intestinal absorption of phosphate. In the intestine, phosphate is absorbed as a counterion with Ca + and also by a calcium-independent route. Phosphate flux through both pathways is increased by l,25-(OH)2D but more slowly than calcium transport. The calcium-independent pathway may involve alkaline phosphatase, the activity of which is increased by l,25-(OH)2D. In rat intestine in vitro, phosphate transport is greatest in the jejunum and least in the ileum, whereas calcium uptake is highest in the duodenum. 

Papworth DG, Patrick G. 1970. The kinetics of influx of calcium and strontium into rat intestine in vitro. 

The thickness of the unstirred water layer of rabbit intestine in vitro has been found to vary between 115 and 334 /im depending on the rate of stirring of the bulk phase [58]. The thickness of the unstirred water layer of the rat small intestine in vivo has been reported to be even greater [60]. If the effective thickness of the unstirred water layer can reach values of around 500 jam, then it is evident that it is a far from negligible compartment of the total luminal volume at least in the case of the rat. 

By comparing the relative rate of uptake of two different lipid probe molecules, another piece of evidence for a monomeric mechanism in lipid uptake by membranes has been found. Hoffman [70] and Hoffman and Yeoh [71] have determined the relationship between micellar concentration and uptake by rat small intestine in vitro for oleic acid and a monoglyceride analog, a 1-monoether. They found that the rate of uptake for both of the two micellar solutes was linearly dependent on the micellar concentration, but that the ratio of rate of uptake was different from the molar ratio of the two lipids in the micellar phase. Oleic acid was absorbed more rapidly than the monoether, probably due to a higher monomer concentration in the... 

Then, we attempted to examine the effects of chondroitin sulfate on palmitic acid and 2-monooleoylglycerol uptake into the brush border membrane vesicles of the rat small intestine in vitro. As shown in Fig. (15), chondroitin sulfate inhibited the incorporation of palmitic acid into... 

Eidelsburger U and Kirchgessner M (1996a) Influence of the time of incubation on the intestinal in vitro absorption of nickel using everted sacs from rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 75 261-264. 

One unresolved question regards the form in which iodine from iodate crosses the intestinal barrier into blood. Radioiodine-labeled iodate and iodide given by stomach tube to rats disappears equally fast from the gut in vivo (Taurog et al., 1966). Everted rat intestine in vitro easily transports iodide, but is impermeable to iodate. It has been postulated that the permeability barrier resides in the... 

Holzer, R, Lippe, I.T., Heinemann, A., and Bartho, L. (1998) Tachykinin NKl and NK2 receptor-mediated control of peristaltic propulsion in the guinea-pig small intestine in vitro. Neuropharmacology 37 131-138. 

Morgan SM, Subr V, Ulbrich K, Woodley JF, Duncan R. Evaluation of W-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-peptide conjugates as potential oral vaccines. Studies on their degradation by isolated rat small intestinal peptidases and their uptake by adult rat small intestine in vitro. Int J Pharm 1966 128 99-111. 

Naisbett, B. and Woodley, J., The potential use of tomato lectin for oral drug delivery 1. Lectin binding to rat small intestine in vitro, bit. J. Pharm., 107, 223-230 (1994). 

Staines, A. G., P. Sindelar, M. W. H. Coughtrie, and B. Burchell, 2004. Farnesol is glucuronidated in human liver, kidney and intestine in vitro, and is a novel substrate for UGT2B7 and UGTIAI. Biochem., 384 637-645. 

Burston, D., Taylor, E., and Matthews, D. M., 1979, Intestinal handling of two tetrapeptides by rodent small intestine in vitro, Biochim. Biophy. Acta. 553 175-178. 

Antioxidant Activity of Plqrtie Add Hydro is Products in the Rat Large Intestine in vitro and ex vivo Stn ... 

Wang X-D, Krinsky NI (1997) Identification and quantification of retinoic acid and other metabolites from P-carotene excentric cleavage in human intestine in vitro and ferret intestine in vivo. Methods Enzymol 282 117-130... 

Concentration of the radioautographic reaction over die Golgi cis-temae was observed also by Dermer (1968), who incubated small intestinal rings of hamster intestine in vitro with oleic acid- H in the presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate (Fig. 21). This concentration of the label was most pronounced in specimens pulse-labeled for 5 minutes and chased for additional 5 minutes, when most of the label was in the form of triglyceride. More recentiy a pronounced concentration of label over the Golgi apparatus was reported by Garlier et al. (1969), 15 minutes after exposure of intestinal loops to a micellar solution containing oleic acid- H. 

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