Intestinal health pathogens

This is a waste product which is often applied to the land and it can be a useful source of nitrogen and phosphate. Before the general development of sewage disposal systems, raw sewage was commonly applied to the land, so that the materials it contained were recycled, but this practice was objectionable in densely populated countries because it was offensive and created a health hazard from intestinal parasites, pathogenic bacteria and viruses. 

In vitro studies have demonstrated the potential beneficial effect of pectic substances on the intestinal health. Regarding bacterial adhesion in epithelial cells, pectin promotes adhesion of beneficial bacteria such as LactxybaciUus rhamnosus, and decreases the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium [72]. Similarly, the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides as pectin, showed increment in the population of Bifidobacteria and Eubacterium rectal as well as the increment in butyrate concentrations was demonstrated, which positively health impacts [58]. 

In 1908 Elie Metchnikoff was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work with the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). He reported that populations that ingested soured milk such as the Bulgarians were known for their longevity. He studied intestinal microflora and reported that LAB were beneficial to human health, making him the first scientist to report benefits of these organisms. Since then, numerous scientists have studied not only the health benefits associated with the LAB, but also the concept of microbial antagonism of the LAB toward food-borne pathogens. 

There are many scientific evidences, supported by clinical studies, on the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory, and urogenital diseases. Many microbial strains with probiotic properties are able not only to restore the intestinal microbial balance, but also to impart other beneficial effects on health, associated with the production of acids, bacteriocins and with the competition with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these, the main effects are the reduction of the level of cholesterol in the blood, the reduction of fecal enzymes, with potentially mutagenic activity that can induce the onset of tumors, the reduction of lactose intolerance, the increase of the response of the immune system, the increase of calcium absorption, and synthesis of vitamins. ... 

The most likely mechanisms, by which organic acids improve feed conversion ratio and animal health, include acidification, either of the feed or of the stomach, and/ or selective inhibition of pathogenic intestinal micro-organisms. They may also be... 

---