Intestinal anti-inflammatories

Camuesco D, Comalada M, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Nieto A, Lorente MD, Concha A, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. 2004. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of quercitrin is associated with an inhibition in iNOS expression. Br J Pharmacol 143 908-918. 

Saponins are generally reported to have widely different (both in kind and in intensity) pharmacological and biological activities. Some of the more important activities include hemolytic (strong in vitro, much weaker in vivo)," local irritant, inflammatory (e.g., on intestine), anti-inflammatory antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antihypercholesterolemic in laboratory animals (also see alfalfd). It was recently shown that an aqueous extract of quillaia possessed marked cytopro-tective against cellular infection by vaccinia virus, HSV-1, varicella zoster, HIV-1 and -2, and reovirus. The demonstrated activity was achieved at 0.1 lg/mL, which was... 

The intestinal mucosa of patients with CD has a preponderance of CD4-+- type 1 helper T cells, while patients with UC have more CD4+ lymphocytes with atypical type 2 helper T cells.9 Likewise, drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that disrupt the integrity of the GI mucosa may facilitate mucosal entry of intestinal antigens and lead to disease flares in patients with IBD.11... 

Rifaximin Rifamycin Antibiotic Gut bacteria Enteric infection Diarrhea, infectious Hepatic encephalopathy Small intestine bacterial overgrowth Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic diverticular disease Irritable bowel syndrome Constipation Clostridium difficile infection Helicobacter pylori infection Colorectal surgery Bowel decontamination, selective Pancreatitis, acute Bacterial peritonitis, spontaneous Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy... 

Bjarnason I, Hayllar J, Macherson AJ, Russell AS Side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the small and large intestine in humans. Gastroenterology 1993,104 1832-1847. 

Bjamason I, Hayllar J, Smethurst P, Price A, Gumpel MJ Metronidazole reduces intestinal inflammation and blood loss in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced enteropathy. Gut 1992,33 1204-1208. 

Pharmacology The mode of action of sulfasalazine or its metabolites, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine (SP), is still under investigation but may be related to the anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties that have been observed in animals and in vitro, to its affinity for connective tissue, or to the relatively high concentration it reaches in serous fluids, the liver, and intestinal walls. In ulcerative colitis, the major therapeutic action may reside in the 5-ASA moiety. P.842... 

Eye damage and sclerosing peritonitis with Practolol and perforated intestines with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin and benzoxaprofen. 

Although unformulated 5-ASA is readily absorbed from the small intestine, absorption of 5-ASA from the colon is extremely low. In contrast, approximately 20-30% of 5-ASA from current oral mesalamine formulations is systemically absorbed in the small intestine. Absorbed 5-ASA undergoes /V-acetylation in the gut epithelium and liver to a metabolite that does not possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. The acetylated metabolite is excreted by the kidneys. 

Cat s claw has long been used in South America as an anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and contraceptive agent. It is also traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers, tumors, gonorrhea, dysentery, various skin problems, cancers of the female genitourinary tract, and intestinal disorders. Native South Americans use cat s claw to cleanse the kidneys and treat bone pain. Some Europeans report that it is useful in the treatment of AIDS when used in combination with zidovudine (AZT). The purported usefulness of cat s claw tea in the treatment of diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer disease, colitis, parasites, and leaky bowel syndrome have fueled demand for the bark in the U.S. 

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