International Numbering System INS

Citric acid International Numbering System (INS) No 330 FW 192.13 Chem. name 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propenetricarboxylic acid. Citric acid is a premier acid in the food industry. The functional uses of citric acid are acidulant, sequestrant, and antioxidant synagist. It is a flavor enhancer [46] and a leavening agent [43]. It may be produced from sources such as lemon or pineapple juice or... 

Abbreviations. WHO, World Health Organization FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization CCFAC, Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants JECFA, Joint Food and Agriculture Organiza-tion/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives ADI, acceptable daily intake INS, International Numbering System. 

Coordinates of molecules may be represented in a global or in an internal coordinate system. In a global coordinate system each atom is defined with a triplet of numbers. These might be the three distances x,, y,-, z, in a crystal coordinate system defined by the three vectors a, b, c and the three angles a, / , y or by a, b, c, a, P, y with dimensions of 1,1,1,90°, 90°, 90° in a cartesian, i. e. an orthonormalized coordinate system. Other common global coordinate systems are cylindrical coordinates (Fig. 3.1) with the coordinate triples r, 6, z and spherical coordinates (Fig. 3.2) with the triples p, 9, . 

Because of a large number and variety of food additives, an internationally accepted coding system known as the International Numbering System (determined by the Codex Alimentarius Committee) has been adapted. The so-called E-numbers signify that a given additive has been approved by the EU. However, the fact that different food additive classification systems exist in particular countries or in particular continents (Australia, Europe, and the United States) does not facilitate global discussion on this issue. 

FDA = United States Food and Drug Administration FEMA = Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association INS = International Numbering System NIST = National Institute of Standards and Technology USP = United States Pharmacopeia... 

Notes INS = international numbering system prepared by the Codex Committee for Food Additives for the purpose of providing an agreed upon international numerical system for identifying food additives in an ingredient list as an alternative to the declaration of the specific name (Codex Alimen-tarius, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Sec. 5.1, 1992). 

A. Uzarewicz, E. Zientek, and I. Uzarewicz, Polish . Chem., 1978,52, 389 cf. Vol. 8, p. 57. This paper, and earlier papers in the series, would be clearer with better formulae drawing and more use of formulae numbers in the text in addition, the international numbering system of the caranes is not used. 

INS International Numbering System for Food Additives m.p. melting point... 

Even with the reduction of inspection activities, for which MMS was criticised after the Deepwater Horizon accident, it still conducted a far larger number of inspections than the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) or, after 2004, the Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) had ever conducted. Independently of the efficiency of MMS inspections, the U.S. regulators have been much more visible on offshore installations than regulators in Norway. The Norwegian oil and gas sector has never had the kind of detailed governmental hands on offshore activities such as the United States had after the establishment of the MMS, not even in the years before the introduction of the internal control system in the 1980s (see Chapter 10 in this volume). 

One area of confusion can be distinguishing report numbers from specification numbers. Engineers and librarians confuse letter and number combinations that are not standards, but grades of metal. Indexes and handbooks help by listing alloys to clear that confusion. ILI Metals Infobase identifies specific numbers, gives chemical content, and includes equivalencies. Metals Alloys in the Unified Numbering System correlates many international number systems. 

It is always possible to convert internal to Cartesian coordinates and vice versa. However, one coordinate system is usually preferred for a given application. Internal coordinates can usefully describe the relationship between the atoms in a single molecule, but Cartesian coordinates may be more appropriate when describing a collection of discrete molecules. Internal coordinates are commonly used as input to quantum mechanics programs, whereas calculations using molecular mechanics are usually done in Cartesian coordinates. The total number of coordinates that must be specified in the internal coordinate system is six fewer... 

A number of files under the generic tide CAS ONLINE are available on-line on STN International. The system software, MESSENGER, includes chemical substmcture, text, and numeric data searching facHities. Chemical stmctures and Registry Numbers are contained in the CA Registry file. The four ways to search the stmctures are EXA, EAM, SSS, and CSS. 

Furthermore, in Searle cylinder systems, secondary currents occur above certain Taylor numbers, resulting in greater power input than that resulting with Eq. (12). Comparison with experimentally determined Ne numbers shows that the laminar flow range in internally driven cylindrical stirrers in the range of radius ratios r2/ri= 1.05-2 is only valid for Taylor numbers Takrit= <400-200 [38]. Above Ta >Takritsecondary currents in the... 

Based on a common system of numbering managed by the international customs body in the Netherlands. 

Introduction of a water-soluble ionic substance into the vascular system results in an increase in the number of particles in the bloodstream as the contrast substance dissolves. The body possesses several internal regulation systems and, when perturbed by an injection, attempts to restore the concentrations of substances in the blood to their normal or preinjection levels. To re-equilibrate the system, water from the cells of surrounding body tissue moves into the blood plasma through capillary membranes. This transfer of water is an example of osmosis, the diffusion of a solvent (water) through a semipermeable membrane (the blood vessels) into a more concentrated solution (the blood) to equalize the concentrations on both sides of the membrane. To accommodate the increase in... 

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