International Association for the Study

Blake AD, Bot G, Reisine T. Molecular pharmacology of the opioid receptors. In Molecular Neurobiology of Pain. Progress in Pain Research and Management, Vol. 9 (Borsook D, ed), International Association for the Study of Pain Press, USA, 1997 259-273. 

In 1988, because of the imprecision of this classification, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) revised the classification to include ... 

Various definitions of pain have been proposed but the most widely accepted is that of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) ... 

Local application of concentrated sodium channel blockers can provide complete pain relief through nerve conduction block (local anesthetics). This approach to pain relief is limited to a few applications involving short-term treatment of acute pain, since sodium channels are also vital to conduction in the heart, CNS, skeletal muscle, and non-nociceptive sensory neurons. However, some types of chronic pain signaling appear to be sensitive to sodium channel blockers at concentrations that do not cause conduction block. In particular, neuropathic pain, defined as chronic pain resulting from a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) [58], is thought to originate from aberrant signaling in the nervous system and can be ameliorated by sodium channel blockers. 

The International Association for the Study of Clays F igure 10.5 (in part) The Mineralogical Society Figures 5.3, 10.5e The Royal Society of Chemistry Figure 5.8 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Figures 1.1, 5.1, 5.4, 8.2... 

Dr. Laszlo Urban is currently Executive Director and Global Head of Preclinical Safety Profiling at Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research. Dr. Urban has been actively involved in organizations such as the European Neuropeptide Club, the Society for Biomolecular Sciences, and the International Association for the Study of Pain. His most recently published work is Hit and Lead Profiling Identification and Optimization of Drug-Like Molecules (2009). 

Geneva Association World Fire Statistics (2001) Bulletin 17, International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, Geneva, Switzerland. 

Figure 8.1-1. PPT measured in four test muscles for 28 days. NGF or isotonic saline was injected into the masseter (MA) mnscle. Temporalis (TA) mnscle PPTs were also assessed bilaterally on the side of NGF and saline injection. Each point indicates mean + SEM ( = 12). The symbol ( ) indicates significantly lower and ( ) significantly higher compared with baseline (Dunnett p < 0.05). (Reprodnced from Ref. 134, with the permission of the International Association for the Study of Pain.)...

Liu, C., Huang, PM., 1999a. Properties of iron oxides formed at various citrate concentrations. In Kodama, K., Mermut, A.R., Torrance, J.K., (Eds.), Clays for Our Future. The Proceedings of the 11th International Clay Conference, Ottawa, Canada. The International Association for the Study of Clays. Ottawa, Canada, pp. 513-522. 

The International Association for the Study of Pain (lASP) has defined pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is evoked by actual or potential noxious (i.e. tissue-damaging) stimuli or by tissue injury. Normally, pain is the subjective result of nociception. Nociception is the encoding and processing of noxious stimuli in the nervous system. It can be objectively measured with various techniques, i.e. with electrophysiological recordings. By contrast, pain as a subjective experience can be verbally or visually described by humans, and it cannot be measured objectively However, animals (as well as humans) show reflex responses to acute noxious stimuh, which can be assessed for the relationship between nociception and pain. 

Hyperalgesia is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (lASP) as an increased response to a stimulus which is normally painful . Primary hyperalgesia or peripheral sensitization reflects the activation and sensitization of nociceptive A delta and polymodal C-fiber terminal endings within the injured area. Secondary hyperalgesia, or central sensitization, involves spinal neuroplasticity and facilitation... 

Neuropathic pain (NP) is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system . 

W P T Janies, International Association for the Study of Obesity/International Obesity Task Force Offices, London, UK... 

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