Internal decomposition

Liquid Hazards. Pure liquid ethylene oxide will deflagrate given sufficient initiating energy either at or below the surface, and a propagating flame may be produced (266,267). This requites certain minimum temperatures and pressures sensitive to the mode of initiation and system geometry. Under fire exposure conditions, an ethylene oxide pipeline may undergo internal decomposition either by direct initiation of the Hquid, or by formation and subsequent decomposition of a vapor pocket (190). 

There is still another type of internal solid state reaction which we will discuss and it is electrochemical in nature. It occurs when an electrical current flows through a mixed conductor in which the point defect disorder changes in such a way that the transference of electronic charge carriers predominates in one part of the crystal, while the transference of ionic charge carriers predominates in another part of it. Obviously, in the transition zone (junction) a (electrochemical) solid state reaction must occur. It leads to an internal decomposition of the matrix crystal if the driving force (electric field) is sufficiently high. The immobile ionic component is internally precipitated, whereas the mobile ionic component is carried away in the form of electrically charged point defects from the internal reaction zone to one of the electrodes. 

Figure 9-10. Mechanism of an electrochemically driven internal decomposition reaction in AgBr h +AgBr = Br+ Ag. ...

A cadaver exposed to the environment is subject to degradation by various types of animals, of which insects are often the most predominant. Insects can affect the breakdown of the corpse by augmenting the internal decomposition process (Campobasso, Di Vella, and Introna 2001). The succession and development of some insects that visit a corpse can be used to estimate PMI. Succession data are useful in providing a minimum and maximum estimate of time since death. However, biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence carrion insect growth and activity and need to be considered when estimating PMI (Wells and Lamotte 2001). 

The reagent alkali metal/naphthalene in tetrahydrofuran reacts with graphite, polynuclear aromatics, and various coals to form chemically reduced products. In the present paper, we emphasize the use of electron paramagnetic resonance data, in the form of g values, linewidths, radical densities, and saturation characteristics, to analyze the reduced coal products and to infer certain differences between the reduced coals and the anions of graphite and simple aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, because the interaction of coals with alkali metal/naph-thalene requires much time for completion, we have investigated internal decomposition pathways for the... 

Decomposition of its internal salt (a zwitter-ion) provides a convenient source of benzyne for organic synthesis. 

Collision-induced dissociation (or decomposition), abbreviated CID. An ion/neutral process wherein the (fast) projectile ion is dissociated as a result of interaction with a target neutral species. This is brought about by conversion during the collision of part of the translational energy of the ion to internal energy in the ion. The term collisional-activated dissociation (or decomposition), abbreviated CAD, is also used. 

Exothermic oxidation—reduction reactions provide the energy released in both propellant burning and explosive detonation. The reactions are either internal oxidation—reductions, as in the decomposition of nitroglycerin and pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or reactions between discrete oxidizers and fuels in heterogeneous mixtures. 

Chemistry. Coal gasification iavolves the thermal decomposition of coal and the reaction of the carbon ia the coal, and other pyrolysis products with oxygen, water, and hydrogen to produce fuel gases such as methane by internal hydrogen shifts... 

The product is considered nonhazardous for international transport purposes. However, it is an oxidizing agent sensitive to decomposition by water, direct sources of heat, catalysts, etc. Decomposition is accompanied by the Hberation of oxygen and heat which can support combustion and cause pressure bursts in confined spaces. Decomposition in the presence of organic material is rapid and highly exothermic. 

G. Daendliker and H. Morawietz, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Decomposition of Organometal Compounds, Kefractory Ceramics, Metals and Meta... 

Guide to the Self-decomposition ofRaidiochemicals, Amersham International pic, Amersham, U.K., 1992. 

Important synthetic paths to azirines and aziridines involve bond reorganization, or internal addition, of vinylnitrenes. Indeed, the vinylnitrene-azirine equilibrium has been demonstrated in the case of trans-2-methyl-3-phenyl-l-azirine, which at 110 °C racemizes 2000 times faster than it rearranges to 2-methylindole (80CC1252). Created in the Neber rearrangement or by decomposition of vinyl azides, the nitrene can cyclize to the p -carbon to give azirines (Scheme 4 Section 5.04.4.1). 

When considering the availability of nutrients, it is also necessary to examine the significance of nutrient re-use within the waterbody. These internal sources amount not to an additional load, but a multiplier on the recyclability of the same load. This nutrient recycling and the internal stores from which they are recycled are often misunderstood, but there is a dearth of good published data about how these recycling mechanisms operate. Microbial decomposition in the water column is one of several internal loops recognized in recent years, but these are not closed and the flux of nutrients recycled through them is delayed rather than retained. 

Reaction/Ignition or thermal decomposition due to high temperature at unwetted internal heating element surface. Possibility of runaway reaction, vapor phase deflagration or thermal decomposition. 

The temperature reported is that of the oil bath the internal temperature is approximately 230°. The temperature should be controlled carefully since pronounced decomposition sets in at higher temperatures. 

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