INTERMEDIATE BULK

Semibulk Containers. Use of semibulk containers falls between bulk handling, eg, accompHshed by tank cars and hopper cars, and individual package handling, which is often performed manually. Semibulk containers are also known as intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), the provisions and requirements for the constmction and testing of which can be found in the U.N. recommendations (4). 

TABLE 21-25 Flexible-Type Intermediate Bulk Containers Dimension and Capacity Data (Variable Data) ... 

Brush discharges from flexible, intermediate, bulk containers (FIBGs), plastic bags, stretch wrap, or other plastic film... 

Static charge generation due to too rapid transfer out of drum or flexible intermediate bulk container (super sack). 

Use closed equipment wherever possible (hoppers and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs)). 

A system of documentation should exist such that the history of each batch of the product, including details of starting materials, packaging materials, and intermediate, bulk and finished products, may be determined. Distribution records must be kept. This information is of paramount importance should a defective batch need to be recalled. 

Flexible food packaging, 18 45-47 Flexible fuel engines, 3 690 Flexible graphite, 4 736-737 Flexible impeller pumps, 21 74 Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC), 18 13... 

The Amb a 1 concentration of the final purified intermediate bulk is determined by an absorbance method chosen for its precision, accuracy, and simplicity. Because Amb a 1 bulk intermediate will now be conjugated to 1018 ISS (and the number of linked 1018 ISS affects the activity of the resulting AIC), it is essential to quantitate the Amb a 1 concentration accurately and precisely. A significant over- or underestimation of protein concentration will result in an over- or underestimation of the heterobifunctional linker required to activate the protein for coupling to 1018 ISS. The absorbance method, more dependent on well-calibrated instrumentation than lab technique, was chosen because it is an easy procedure to transfer to the production site. Dilution skills are the only requirement for robust performance of a well-developed and validated absorbance method. Hence a contract manufacturing site could readily quantitate Amb a 1 without the... 

In addition to the presence of these elements in ores, they are also available from recycled feeds, such as catalyst wastes, and as an intermediate bulk palladium platinum product from some refineries. The processes that have been devised to separate these elements rely on two general routes selective extraction with different reagents or coextraction of the elements followed by selective stripping. To understand these alternatives, it is necessary to consider the basic solution chemistry of these elements. The two common oxidation states and stereochemistries are square planar palladium(II) and octahedral platinum(IV). Of these, palladium(II) has the faster substitution kinetics, with platinum(IV) virtually inert. However even for palladium, substitution is much slower than for the base metals so long as contact times are required to achieve extraction equilibrium. 

Conduct blend analysis on batches by extensively sampling the mix in the blender and/or intermediate bulk containers. 

Many users of large amounts of water treatment chemicals have product supplied in either semi-bulk or bulk containers (tanker trucks). Semi-bulk usually means the supply of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) or tote bins. These are reusable, stackable containers, holding 120 to 330 gal. (450 to 1250 1). One ton semi-bulks are very common. They are available in a variety of construction materials and configurations. The customer may hold two IBCs on-site for every product employed, with one IBC being exchanged as soon as it becomes empty. Alternatively, the IBC may be used to supply small day tanks. 

IBCs (intermediate bulk containers) must be clean and dry and made from material that can resist the temperatures when filling the container. The discharge temperature may have to be lowered to cope with the initial temperature of the prepolymer. 

Britton, L.G., Static hazards using flexible intermediate bulk containers for powder handling, Process Safety Progress, 12, No. 4, October 1993. 

Maurer, B., Glor, M., Luttgens, G., and Post, L., Hazards associated with propagating brush discharges on flexible intermediate bulk containers, compounds and coated materials, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 85, Section 3, Oxford, 1987. 

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