Interleukin mediation

Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (Fig. 2) Humanized monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies (Infliximab (Remicade ), Adalimumab (Humira )) bind with high selectivity to human TNF-a and neutralize its activity. Thereby, infliximab decreases the effects of enhanced TNF levels during inflammatory disease such as production of proteases, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase products (prostaglandins), and proinflammatory molecules such as interleukin-1 and -6. The antibodies may also recognize membrane-bound TNF-a on lymphocytes and other immune cells. These cells may subsequently become apoptotic or are eliminated via Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis. 

CD C14 C14.001 Caspase-1 Potential drug target for down-regulation of the inflammatory mediator, interleukin 1beta, which could ameliorate inflammation and endotoxic shock... 

Marshall JS. Leal-Berumen I. Nielsen L. Glibetic M. Jordana M Interleukin (IL)-IO inhibits long-term IL-6 production but not preformed mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. J Clin Invest 1996 97 1122-1128. 

There is an enhanced frequency of RCM-related side effects in interleukin-2-treated patients, which is indicative of a T-cell-mediated pathology. Interleukin-2 has... 

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Li Q, Engelhard JF (2006) Interleukin-Ibeta induction of NFkappaB is partially regulated by H202-mediated activation of NFkappaB-inducing kinase. J Biol Chem 281 1495-1505... 

Pons, F., Williams, T.J. and Warren, J.B. (1993). Nitric oxide, but not interleukin-1, mediates the local blood flow responses to lipopolysaccharide in rabbit skin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 239, 23-30. 

A number of diflFerent animal models of uveitis have been developed) including that induced by organ-specific ocular antigens such as retinal S-antigen, rhodopsin and lens protein (Wacker et al., 1977 Rao et al., 1979). Other models are based on the injection of proteins foreign to the host, such as intravitreal injections of albumin or 7-globulin (Zimmerman and Silverstein, 1959 Kaplan etal., 1979). More recently, a third group of models has been developed based on the injection of inflammatory mediators such as interleukins-1 and 2, and tumour necrosis factor (Bhattacherjee and Henderson, 1987 ... 

More recently, free radicals have been postulated to mediate part of the beta cell cytotoxicity of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a peptide hormone produced by macrophages. 

Eosinophils may be increased in some patients, particularly during exacerbations. Activated inflammatory cells release a variety of mediators, most notably leukotriene B4, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a). Various proteinases, such as elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3, are secreted by activated neutrophils. These mediators and proteinases are capable of sustaining inflammation and damaging lung structures. 

O T cells are the chief components initiating the immune response against the allograft. The activity of T cells is mediated largely through the synthesis and release of interleukin-2 (IL-2). 

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