Interleukin-ip

Vigers, G.P.A., et al. Crystal structure of the type-1 interleukin-1 receptor complexed with interleukin-ip. Nature 386 190-194, 1997. 

K. Thai, G. C. Visor, J. Duffy, W. C. Hsu, and L. C. Foster, Stability of interleukin ip (IL-ip) in aqueous solution Analytical methods, kinetics, products and solution formulation implications, Pharm. Res, 8, 485 (1992). 

Fas ligand and interleukin-ip), the neurotransmitter glutamate and thrombin. Like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, Fas is coupled to downstream death effector proteins that ultimately induce caspase activation (Ch. 22). Fas and TNF receptors recruit proteins called FADD and TRADD respectively FADD and TRADD then activate caspase-8, which, in turn, activates caspase-3 (Fig. 35-4). Calcium ion influx mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by glutamate receptor activation calcium induces mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening, release of cytochrome c and caspase activation. Interestingly, in the absence of neurotrophic factors some neurotrophic factor receptors can activate apoptotic cascades, the low-affinity NGF receptor being one example of such a death receptor mechanism [23],... 

Shamash, S., Reichert, F. and Rotshenker, S. The cytokine network of Wallerian degeneration tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-la, and interleukin-ip. J. Neurosci. 22 3052-3060, 2002. 

Zou, J. et al., Molecular cloning of the gene for interleukin-ip from Xenopus laevis and analysis of expression in vivo and in vitro, Immunogenetics, 51, 332, 2002. 

Cumberbatch, M., Dearman, R.J., and Kimber, I., Langerhans cells require signals from both tumour necrosis factor a and interleukin ip for migration. Immunology, 92,388,1997. 

Obal F, Opp M, Cady AB, Johannsen L, Postlethwaite AE, Poppleton HM, Seyer JM, Krueger JM. Interleukin-1 3 and an interleukin-ip fragment are somnogenic. Am J Physiol, 1990 259 R439. 

Slack J, McMahan CJ, Waugh S, Schooley K, Spriggs MK, Sims JE, Dower SK. Independent binding of interleukin-la and interleukin-ip to type I and type II interleukin-1 receptors. J Biol Chem 1993 268 2513. 

Alcami AS, Smith GL. A soluable receptor for interleukin-ip encoded by Vaccinia virus A novel mechanism of virus modulation of the host response to infection. Cell 1992 71 153-167. 

At a concentration of 3 pM. 1,4-benzoquinone caused 50% inhibition of CPP32, an interleukin-ip-enzyme/Ced-3 cysteine protease involved in the implementation of apoptosis and which is present in myeloid cells (Hazel et al., 1996). 

Gu LC, Erdos EA, Chiang HS, Calderwood T, Isai K, Visor GC, Duffy J, Hsu WC, Foster LC. Stability of interleukin ip in aqueous solution analytical methods, kinetics, products, and solution formulation implications. Pharm Res 1991 8 485-490. 

Some studies have been reported where individual aromatic groups of a protein have been systematically replaced using site-directed mutagenesis, allowing the contributions of the individual chomophores to be determined. Craig et al. [106] have systematically relaced all the Trp moieties in interleukin-ip (IL-lp). Earlier work of Elwell and Schellman [107] replaced the tryptophan in T4 lysozyme with tyrosine. 

IGF-l-RTK, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase IGF-2, insulin-like growth factor-2 IGF-2-RTK, insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor tyrosine kinase iGlu-R, inhibitory glutamate receptor IKK, inhibitor kB kinase IL, interleukin IL-1P, interleukin-1P IL-ip-R, interleukin-ip receptor IL-1, interleukin-1 IL-8, interleukin-8 IL-8-R, interleukin-8-receptor lie, isoleucine Im, imidazole... 

Warmus et al. (121) recently reported the multivariate optimization of reaction conditions for the synthesis of a known class of ICE (interleukin-ip converting enzyme) inhibitors, represented by compound 9.70. The structure of the compound and the synthetic route, starting from the key bromide intermediate 9.71, are reported in Fig. 9.29 (the acetylvaline moiety of 9.70 was replaced during the optimization with an Fmoc carbamate). 

Inoue W, Poole S, Bristow AF, Luheshi GN (2006) Leptin induces cyclooxygenase-2 via an interaction with interleukin-ip in the rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 24 2233-2245... 

Li S, Ballou LR, Morham SG, Blatteis CM (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the febrile response of mice to interleukin-ip. Brain Res 910 163-173... 

Caspases are among the most specific proteases known, Thanks to the crystal structures of active caspases (caspase 1 and 3), we have some idea how these enzymes are activated. The structure of the interleukin-ip-convertii enzyme (ICE), which processes an inactive interleukin precursor to interleukin-ip, is shown in Plate 26. 

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