Interference mitigation

Cha K, Zawodniok MJ, Ramachandran A, Sarangapani J, Saygin C (2006) Interference mitigation and read-rate improvement in RFID-based network-centric enviromnoits. J Sens Rev26(4) 318-325... 

Plume Interference Assessment And Mitigation , Calspan-KC-5134-A-6, Contract No DAHC 60-69-C-0035 (1973) 35) R.A. Jamieson,... 

The question of durability of the mitigation system arises not only from the need for lifetime operation in the house, but also from concerns about the environment to which the SSD system is subjected.13 15 Soil gas is often very humid, causing condensation problems in the piping and the fan of the mitigation system. Also, particles can be drawn from the gravel bed or soil they in turn may line the pipes and deposit on the fan or possibly interfere with the fan bearings. 

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) refers to the interaction between electric and magnetic helds and sensitive electronic circuits and devices. EMI is predominantly a high-frequency phenomenon. The mechanism of coupling EMI to sensitive devices is different from that for power frequency disturbances and electrical transients. The mitigation of the effects of EMI requires special techniques, as will be seen later. Radio frequency interference (RFT) is the interaction between conducted or radiated radio frequency helds and sensitive data and communication equipment. It is convenient to include RFI in the category of EMI, but the two phenomena are distinct. 

Foreign ions are masked with a composite EDTA-sodium hexametaphosphate reagent and interference by sulfide is overcome by the addition of mercuric chloride, which also mitigates interference by thiosulfate, sulfate, tetrathionate and iodide, and the precipitated mercuric sulfide is filtered off prior to the addition of chromogenic reagents and spectrophotometry. Beer s law is obeyed up to levels of 20 p,g nitrite in a 60 ml test solution. 

The primary mechanisms of action in the liver are an impairment of protein synthesis (particularly a decrease in apolipoprotein), resulting in an accumulation of triglycerides, which eventually leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and mitochondrial damage, which results in diminished ATP levels, and cell necrosis. Similar mechanisms of action probably occur in the kidney, heart, and brain. A compound that would interfere with the white phosphorus-induced ultrastructural damage would mitigate these effects no compound has been identified that would interfere with this mechanism of action. 

Techniques that are successful in reducing vaporization will interfere in some way with one or more of the factors that affect the material and energy balance, or the rate of vaporization. In many cases, the final mitigation plan will not involve just one technique, but a combination of several. Some of the applicable techniques for reducing vaporization are described in the following subsections. 

Although our initial concerns about possible interferences due to chemiluminescence and quenching effects have been somewhat mitigated by recent disclosures of Blank and Kidwell s tritium counting procedures, an entirely different problem exists concerning their isotopic method, one that in our opinion casts serious doubt upon the general suitability of their approach for doing hair contamination/decontamination studies. 

Medium (e.g., solvent) interferences are avoided or mitigated by different techniques. 

Research must be undertaken to demonstrate that LEI is adaptable to a wider variety of samples and analytically-useful flames. This will require further consideration of methods to discriminate against or remove low ionization potential interferents. Preliminary results have indicated that the use of an acetylene-nitrous oxide flame for the determination of metals which form refractory oxides exacerbates electrical interferences when samples contain IA elements 39). The much higher flame temperature produces higher concentrations of ions whose effects cannot be entirely mitigated by using an immersed electrode. 

---