Intensive care units acute, setting

There are various severity of illness scoring systems for sepsis and trauma (R11). Severity scoring can be used, in conjunction with other risk factors, to anticipate and evaluate outcomes, such as hospital mortality rate. The most widely used system is the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) classification system (K12). The APACHE III was developed to more accurately predict hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults (K13). It provides objective probability estimates for critically ill hospitalized patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs). For critically ill posttrauma patients with sepsis or SIRS, another system for physiologic quantitative classification and severity stratification of the host defense response was described recently (R11). However, this Physiologic State Severity Classification (PSSC) has yet not been applied routinely in ICU setting. 

Acute renal failure secondary to ischemia-reperfusion or nephro-toxins represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, particularly in the intensive care unit setting. The proximal tubule region of the nephron suffers the most damage in acute renal injury and is therefore the target site of therapeutic interventions. While several experimental therapies have been attempted to prevent or hasten recovery from acute renal injury,... 

Liano F, Junco E, Pascual J, Madero R, Verde E, and the Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. The spectrum of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit compared with that seen in other settings. Kidney Int 1998 66 S16-S24. 

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