Intensification negatives

Serotonin s effects include classical neuronal inhibition, as well as modulation. The study of dreaming teaches us that disinhibition is likely the cause of positive signs of hallucination, emotional intensification, and confabulation, whereas demodulation more likely causes the negative signs such as memory loss, disorientation, and bizarreness. Serotonin blockade induced disinhibition is one of the mechanisms by which the very same set of aspects of model psychoses is generated the visual distortion and hallucination could result from visual system disinhibition the emotional intensification could result from limbic system disinhibition and confabulation could result from associative cortex disinhibition. 

Most photographers have, at one time or another, created masterpieces of over- or underexposure, over- or underdevelopment, and sometimes both Not all negatives can be saved, but the techniques of reduction and intensification may prove to be just the tonic to reclaim what, undoubtedly, would have been the best photograph ever created. Even if the negative is printable, reduction and intensification techniques can often improve slight miscalculations in exposure or development. 

AnselAdams used intensification to expand roll film negatives by at least one paper grade, or in Zone System parlance, N + 1. The intensifier he used was selenium toner diluted with water 1 2. His technique was to first re-fix the negative in plain hypo then soak the negative in selenium toner 1 2 for 3 to 5 minutes. 

The purpose of re-fixing the negative in plain hypo before selenium intensification is to ensure that there is no residual hardener. Hardener will cause staining in both negatives and paper when it comes in contact with selenium. If you are confident that your negatives have been thoroughly washed, or if you use fixer without hardener then re-fixing should not be necessary. But when in doubt, re-fix. 

Chromium Intensifier Chromium intensifier is a proportional intensifier the amount of intensification is proportional to the amount of silver present in the negative. Therefore, denser areas of the negative are affected more than thin areas. Chromium intensification is useful for increasing contrast since it has little effect on thin, shadow areas. To be effective, chromium intensification must often be repeated several times. 

Silver Intensification Silver intensification has a noticeable effect on low values, which is where thin, underexposed negatives usually need help. It does, however, have the unfortunate habit of staining everything black. Wear gloves and try not to get it on your hands or clothes, but if you accidentally stain yourself, try using the Developer Stain Remover for Hands found in Formulas. Instructions for silver intensification will be found in Formulas Negative Intensifiers Kodak IN-5 Silver Intensifier. 

Sepia Intensification Bleach and redevelop sepia toners, such as Ansco 221 Sepia Toner or Kodak T-7a Sulfide Sepia Toner, are more effective than chromium intensifier and will provide maximum archival protection for your negatives. The reason for the latter is explained more fully in Chapter 10,Toning Prints Protective Toners, though simply put, converting an image from silver metal to silver sulfide makes the image as permanent as it possibly can be. 

Intensification is also a good technique for paper negatives as it will strengthen the paper transparency, or paper negative, for contact printing on enlarging papers. 

Chromium Intensification for Prints The technique is to bleach the print and then redevelop it in a non-staining developer, just as you would for a negative. Slow chlorobromide and chloride papers respond best to this technique. Cold-toned and bromide papers don t respond as well to chromium intensification, but changes will occur. If in doubt, give it a try. 

Uses As a preservative of developing agents constituent of the acid fixing bath blackener in negative intensification active energizer in amidol development. 

When a satisfactory degree of intensification is reached, wash the negative for 10 to 20 minutes and dry as usual. 

This formula is recommended for the treatment of negatives that would normally be softened considerably by chemical treatment during the removal of several types of stains, or by intensification or reduction techniques. 

Related product properties are improved, for example, optical properties such as the glossiness and transparency (see Table 5.1). There are no negative consequences for dye manufacturing with the new microreactor made crystals, as the tinctorial power is the same as for conventional synthesis. Tinctorial power is a measure for the adhesion of the pigment to wool stuff or similar material. The intensification in coloration properties means that the same amount of material can be treated now with less amounts of the Yellow 12 azo pigment that reduces materials costs and increases the profitability of the pigment manufacture. 

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