Glucose-responsive insulin release device

Shiino D, Murata Y, Kataoka K, Koyama Y, Yokoyama M, Okano T, Sakurai Y. Preparation and characterization of a glucose-responsive insulin-releasing polymer device. Biomaterials 1994 15(2) 121-128. 

Glucose-Responsive Hydrogel Systems for Possible Insulin-Release Devices... 

The ultimate goal of insulin replacement therapy is a closed-loop controlled system or device in which the insulin release rates are adjusted by the system in response to glucose levels in the blood. Several different approaches for glucose-responsive insulin delivery have been investigated. 

A novel approach to controlled release integrates biosensing and control functions in a single membrane device. As an example, a membrane responds to changes in glucose level in the body by automatically changing its permeability to insulin. The response mechanism is shown... 

Bio-responsive release the system modulates drug release in response to a biological stimulus (e.g. blood glucose levels triggering the release of insulin from a dmg delivery device). 

The integration of biosensors with drag delivery systems allows the controlled release of a drag substance in response to the levels of biological modulator. For example, the use of a glucose biosensor may be used to control the release of insulin from an implanted device or perhaps even an iontophoretic delivery device (see Chapter 8). 

Medication can be delivered via the eye in the form of eyedrops or in an ocular device. Sodium or zinc insulin was incorporated into a Gelfoam sponge-based device. An in vitro dissolution test indicated that the release of insulin from the device was proportional to the flow rate of the dissolution medium. An in vivo dissolution experiment provided support for the hypothesis that there was a direct relationship between the prolonged pharmacological response to insulin and its release from the device. The ocular device with or without the aid of an enhancer was placed in the eye of rabbits as an ocular insert and produced a uniform blood glucose-lowering effect of 60% over 8h. The blood glucose... 

Self-regulated insulin device. Because replacement of insulin in diabetic patients by simple injection is not able to prevent the serious consequences of the disease [37], considerable effort is currently being devoted to the development of devices that can release insulin in response to external glucose concentration. 

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