Inspection and quality control

The stages of quality control prior to commissioning can be divided into three engineering, procured items, and fabrication and construction work. Engineering quality control has been addressed in previous chapters. In the following, our focus is on procured items and shop fabrication, and we will in general use the term inspection loosely to embrace both activities of inspection and quality control, i.e. the observation and the feedback loop. 

Some possible consequences of poor product quality are unacceptable, and the corresponding items should be identified by review of criticality if they have not already been identified by the process technology package or by statutory regulations. Clearly these items must be inspected to certain standards, and the engineers should ensure that the items are known and the standards are defined. Pressure vessels are an example. 

A process plant is finally inspected when it is handed over as a complete entity, usually prior to commissioning. However, this is not a practical nor an economic time to concentrate inspection activities  

This is not universally applicable not for instance when there are other overriding laws, or when the purchaser has qualified-out his obligation to inspect, or where there is a warranty from the seller. 

Inspection can be classified according to who is responsible for the activity there are usually many levels to this chain. Typically, there may be the inspectors of the project management and engineering team, the quality department of the procured item suppliers and contractors (and, separately, their factory production workers, using inspection as a production control tool), and a chain of sub-component and raw material suppliers and their quality departments. 

---

The knowledge and application of pharmaceutical and clinical calculations are essential for the practice of pharmacy and related health professions. Many calculations have been simplified by the shift from apothecary to metric system of measurements. However, a significant proportion of calculation errors occur because of simple mistakes in arithmetic. Further, the dosage forms prepared by pharmaceutical companies undergo several inspections and quality control tests. Such a luxury is almost impossible to find in a pharmacy or hospital setting. Therefore it is imperative that the health care professionals be extremely careful in performing pharmaceutical and clinical calculations. In the present chapter, a brief introduction is provided for the three systems of measurement and their interconversions ... 

Matousek, M., Outcomings of a survey on 800 construction failures , Int. Assoc. Bridge Struct Engng, Colloquium on inspection and quality control, Cambridge, England, July 1977. 

Inspection and Quality Control—Comparing a fabricated part to its CAD description or to a standard item. 

Component position during the curing process - vertical or horizontal and Inspection and quality control. 

Wetherill, G.B. (1982) Sampling Inspection and Quality Control, 2nd edn. Chapman Hall, London. 

Processing in-line A complete febricating, production, or fabricating operation can go from material storage and handling, to produce the part that includes upstream and downstream auxiliary equipment, through inspection and quality control, to packaging, and delivery to destination such as warehouse bins or transportation vehicles. 

Inspect completed work— This is essential to determine whether what was constructed is in conformance with design. A final inspection should be preceded by ongoing inspections during the total construction phase. This returns the inspection mission to the responsible agency and eliminates contractor self-inspection and quality control. 

Nondestructive Inspection and Quality Control, Metals Handbook, 11, American... 

Nondestructive Inspection and Quality Control, Metals Handbook. Vol. II, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1976, p. 179. 

Inspection and quality control procedures for the installation phase... 

---