Insecticides specific agent

The specific function of many phytochemicals is still unclear however, a considerable number of studies have shown that they are involved in the interaction of plants/pests/diseases. Most plants produce phytochemicals as anti-microbial, antibiotic, insecticidal and hormonal agents either as part of... 

Nonpoint source sampling occurs where the analyte of interest is dispersed over a large area such that a specific point of origin cannot be ascertained. The innate occurrence of analytes of interest would be an example of a nonpoint source. The occurrence of plant nutrients, either naturally occurring or from fertilization, is an example of a nonpoint source of agricultural analytes. Herbicides, insecticides, and pest-control agents are, once applied on a field scale, also potential nonpoint sources of analytes. It is common to think of crop... 

Thiazetidines are investigated with special emphasis on their possible antiradiation drug activity. Certain 1,3-thiazetidines exhibit pesticidal activity. Compounds 21 are specifically eflective as insecticidal and acaricidal agents. 

The acute toxic properties of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in humans are qualitatively similar. These agents interfere with inactivation of the sodium channel in excitable membranes and cause rapid repetitive firing in most neurons. Calcium ion transport is also inhibited. These events affect repolarization and enhance the excitability of neurons. The major effect is central nervous stimulation. With DDT, tremor may be the first manifestation, possibly continuing on to convulsions, whereas with the other compounds convulsions often appear as the first sign of intoxication. There is no specific treatment for the acute intoxicated state, management being symptomatic. 

During the past two decades research has demonstrated that baculoviruses, in particular NPVs, are effective insecticides. They are host specific and thus environmentally safe agents. To this date, no Baculovlrus has been found to replicate in vertebrate organisms. 

Neurotransmitters are removed by translocation into vesicles or destroyed in enzyme-catalysed reactions. Acetylcholine must be removed from the synaptic cleft to permit repolarization and relaxation. A high affinity acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (the true or specific AChE) catalyses the hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. A plasma AChE (pseudo-AChE or non-specific AChE) also hydrolyses acetylcholine. A variety of plant-derived substances inhibit AChE and there is considerable interest in AChE inhibitors as potential therapies for cognition enhancement and for Alzheimer s disease. Organophosphorous compounds alkylate an active site serine on AChE and the AChE inhibition by this mechanism is the basis for the use of such compounds as insecticides (and unfortunately also as chemical warfare agents). Other synthetics with insecticidal and medical applications carbamoylate and thus inactivate AChE (Table 6.4). 

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