Insecticides manufacturing industry

Industrial machinery and equipment Insecticide manufacturing Jewelry making... 

Uses. Butanediol is used to manufacture the insecticide Endosulfan, other agricultural chemicals, and pyridoxine (vitamin B ) (see Vitamins) (116). Small amounts are consumed as a diol by the polymer industry. 

Methyl acetoacetate (MAA) and ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) are the most widely used esters they are found ia the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and allied industries. Both esters are used extensively as amine protecting agents ia the manufacture of antibiotics and synthetic sweeteners (Dane Salts) (147). Principal outiets for MAA are the manufacture of the organophosphoms insecticide dia2inon [33341-5] (148,149) and the uracil herbicides bromacil [31440-9] and terbacil [5902-51-2] (150,151) (see Insect conztiol technology Herbicides). 

Uses. Tballium compounds have limited use in industrial appHcations. The use of thaHous sulfate in rodenticides and insecticides has been replaced by other compounds less harmful to animals (see Insect control technology Pesticides). Tb allium sulfide has been used in photoelectric cells (see Photovoltaic cells). A thallium bromide—thallium iodide mixture is used to transmit infrared radiation for signal systems. ThaHous oxide is used in the manufacture of glass (qv) that has a high coefficient of refraction. Tb allium formate—malonate aqueous solutions (Cletici s solution) have been used in mineral separations. Many thallium compounds have been used as reagents in organic synthesis in researchlaboratoti.es. 

Tobacco and its alkaloids have long ceased to have any therapeutic importance, but their extensive use as insecticides and the demand for nicotine for the manufacture of nicotinic acid have stimulated interest in processes of extraction and methods of estimation. On the latter subject there is a voluminous literature, of which critical resumes have been published by various authors.Recent work on this subject has been specially concerned with (1) the development of miero- and semi-miero-methods suitable for estimating nieotine in tobacco smoke and the distribution of nieotine on sprayed garden produce, in treated soils and in tobaeeo leaves,(2) the study of conditions necessary to ensure satisfactory results in using particular processes, " and (3) methods of separation and estimation of nicotine, nomicotine and anabasine in mixtures of these bases. ) In the United States and in Russia considerable interest is being shown in the cultivation of types of tobacco rich in nicotine, in finding new industrial uses for tobacco and its alkaloids, and in possible by-products from tobacco plants such as citric and malic acids, i " Surveys of information on tobacco alkaloids have been published by Jackson, i Marion and Spath and Kuffner. ... 

The worst disaster in the history of the chemical industry occurred in Bhopal, in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India, on December 3, 1984. A leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) from a chemical plant, where it was used as an intermediate in the manufacture of the insecticide car-baryl, spread beyond the plant boundary and caused the death by poisoning of more than 2,000 people. The official figure was 2,153, but some unofficial estimates were much higher. In addition, about 200,000 people were injured. Most of the dead and injured were living in a shanty town that had grown up next to the plant. 

Petrochemicals in general are compounds and polymers derived directly or indirectly from petroleum and used in the chemical market. Among the major petrochemical products are plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic ruhher, detergents, and nitrogen fertilizers. Many other important chemical industries such as paints, adhesives, aerosols, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals may involve one or more petrochemical products within their manufacturing steps. 

Until a decade ago, the farm may have been considered outside the pale of industrial hygiene. Today, however, the industrialization of agriculture and the advent of new insecticides and other chemicals have made the farm a virtual factory in a rural setting. On the farm, as well as in the factory, dangerous chemicals may be used safely with proper precautions. If manufacturers, processors, and distributors had to relinquish certain substances because they are toxic, American industry would be in a primitive stage. Likewise, the farmer need not bow to economic pests, but can use to the fullest advantage the potent new insecticides if he is scrupulous in protecting himself. 

Used industrially for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds (Insecticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, defoliants) as well as esters for plasticizers, gasoline additives, and hydraulic fluids used in industry as a chlorinating agent, catalyst, dopant for semiconductor grade silicon, fire retarding agent, and solvent in cryoscopy. 

Used industrially for gold extraction and wood treatment and to manufacture insecticides,... 

Used industrially for vulcanizing oils and rubber, purifying sugar juices, as a chloridizing agent in metallurgy, and in the manufacture of insecticides. 

Used industrially as a solvent and cleaning agent used to manufacture insecticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, thiodiethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol. Used in agriculture to treat sweet potatoes before planting. 

Used industrially as a fungicide, insecticide, herbicide, wood preservation, textile drying agent, corrosion inhibitor as a veterinary medication and in the manufacture of specialty soaps. 

Used industrially to treat wool to prevent shrinking in the manufacture of rayon, rubber-base plastics, chlorophenol disinfectants, phosphate insecticides, heterocyclic fungicides and herbicides, and pharmaceuticals. 

Used industrially in organic synthesis, in the manufacture of insecticides and pharmaceuticals, as an intermediate in the synthesis of methacrylates used as a complexing agent for metals refining and separation. 

Used industrially in the manufacture of butyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, quinaldine, resins, rubber antioxidants, insecticides, and other chemicals used as a solvent, warning agent in fuel gases, as a rubber accelerator, in leather tanning, and as a denaturant in alcohol. 

Used industrially in the manufacture of carbamates, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals used as a solvent in the photographic industry. 

Used industrially in the manufacture of insecticides, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals. This material is on the ITF-25 low threat list. 

Used industrially as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, plastics, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, fungicides, nonionic detergents and used in industry as a flotation reagent for the removal of metals from wastes. 

Workers in industries that manufacture and formulate disulfoton, farm workers who enter treated fields after the insecticide has been applied and, in particular, applicators of the insecticide are at a higher risk of exposure than the general population. Among the general population, people who use the insecticide in homes and garden applications are at a higher risk of exposure, as are people who live near hazardous waste sites containing disulfoton. 

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