Insect maize

Proteolytic enzymes Animals, including insects and other arthropods or their larval forms Dusts from barley, oats, rye, wheat or maize, or Biological washing powders and the baking, brewing, fish, silk and leather industries Research and educational laboratories, pest control and fruit cultivation The baking or flour milling industry or on farms... 

Efficient control of stinging and sucking insects prevents the creation of pathways for fungal penetration (e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis in maize, aphids in cereals). 

Pantenius, C.U. 1988. Storage losses in traditional maize granaries in Togo. Insect Sci. Applic. 9,... 

Rasmann S, Kollner TG, Degenhardt J, HUtpold 1, Toepfer S, Kuhlmann U, Gershenzon J, Turlings TCJ (2005) Recruitment of entomopathogenic nematodes by insect-damaged maize roots. Nature 434 732-737... 

The development of natural resistance in corn (Zea mays) to the corn earworm (CEW) Helicoverpa zea) received many contributions. The CEW is a major insect pest of maize and other crops (cotton, soybeans, etc.) the eggs are laid on the silks, and the larvae access the ear by feeding through the silk channel. 

Shen, B Zheng, Z. P. and Dooner, H. K. (2000). A maize sesquiterpene cyclase gene induced by insect herbivory and volicitin. Characterization of wild-type and mutant alleles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 97 14807-14812. 

Meyer, L. Role of Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids in Resistance of Maize to Microbial Diseases and Insects, Zentralbl. Mikrobiol. 1988, 143, 39. 

These three compounds differ from each other in the substitution pattern of the B-ring apimaysin has one hydroxyl group on the 4 position of the firing, maysin has a 3, 4 -dihydroxy substitution pattern, and methoxymaysin has a 4 -hydroxy, 3 -methoxy substitution pattern. These compounds accumulate in the silks of maize (i.e. the styles attached to the ovules) and are thought to act in a manner similar to chlorogenic acid (see Figure 6-1) when insects damage the silks. 

DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-l, 4-benzoxazin-3-one) play an important role in the chemical defense of cereals against insects, pathogenic fungi and bacteria (Niemeyer, 1988). Researches with maize indicate thatmycorrizal colonization induced accumulation of DIMBOA and increase in transcript levels of Bx9. Concentrations of DIMBOA in maize roots inoculated both G. mosseae and Rhizoctonia solani were significantly higher than those roots inoculated separately with G. mosseae or Rhizoctonia solani. 

Maize Insect resistance Seed Bacillus thuringiensis CrylAb (42)... 

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on a request from the Commission related to the safety of foods and food ingredients derived from insect-protected genetically modified maize MON 863 and MON 863 x MON 810, for which a request for placing on the market was submitted under Article 4 of the Novel Food Regulation (EC) No 258/97 b y Monsanto. European Food Safety Journal 2004 (50) 1—25. 

Uses herbicides/insecticides pre- or post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in cereals, maize, lucerne, clover, trefoil, grass leys, potatoes, peas, onions, garlics, peas, leeks, soya beans, orchards, groundnuts, strawberries, vineyards and other crops for control of strawberry runners and raspberry suckers and overwintering forms of insect pests on fruit trees also used as a desiccant for leguminous seed crops destruction of potato haulms as a pre-harvest hop defoliant, etc. 

Chemical Name 0,G-dimethyl-S -[-4-oxo-l,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4//)-yl)methyl)] phosphorodithioate 0,0-dimethyl-5 -[3,4-dihydro-4-keto-l,2,3-benzotriazinyl-3-methyl) dithiophosphate Uses nonsystemic insecticide and acaricide for control of insects and pests in blueberry, grape, maize, vegetable, cotton, and citrus crops. 

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