Biological washing powders

Proteolytic enzymes Biological washing powders and the baking. 

Proteolytic enzymes Biological washing powders and the baking, brewing, fish, silk and leather industries... 

Proteolytic enzymes Animals, including insects and other arthropods or their larval forms Dusts from barley, oats, rye, wheat or maize, or Biological washing powders and the baking, brewing, fish, silk and leather industries Research and educational laboratories, pest control and fruit cultivation The baking or flour milling industry or on farms... 

A huge multimillion-pound industry has grown up around the use of enzymes to produce new materials. Biological washing powders (Figure 7.18) contain enzymes to break down stains such as sweat, blood and egg, and they do this at the relatively low temperature of 40 °C. This reduces energy costs, because the washing water does not need to be heated as much. 

Figure 7.18 These biological washing powders contain enzymes.

When using biological washing powders what factors have to be taken into consideration ... 

Enzymes used to break down proteins in biological washing powders belong to the group ... 

Protease Breaks down protein molecules Biological wash powders for removal of blood and gravy stains, etc. 

The hydrolysis of amide bonds in protein and simpler entities by enzymes has been known for many years and explored extensively. The degradation of protein by a proteinase such as subtilisin is the basis of action of biological washing powders. Obviously the commercial importance of... 

Biological detergents and washing powders use lipase enzymes to break down fats, and protease enzymes that hydrolyze proteins from food stained fabrics. 

EMS (20 1 1, 15mL g ) as described above. The HF was eliminated under vacuum, the resin/peptide was washed with Et20 and crude hCRF was extracted with dU AcOH and lyophilized. Crude hCRF was weighed to assess recovery and was analyzed by HPLC to assess purity (Figure 2). The crude peptide appeared to be as pure as any other preparation obtained using similar conditions (but different solvents and reaction times) at room temperature with equivalent yields. hCRF was purified by HPLC (TEAP 2.25, TEAP 6.4 and 0.1% TFA) and was isolated as a white powder shown to be >96% pure by HPLC and CZE. The identity of purified hCRF was confirmed by MALDI-MS m/z) Found [M -n H+], 4755.7. Calcd for [M + H+], 4755.51. Purified hCFF was tested for biological activity in the cultured rat pituitary cell assay of Vale et al.P l and found to be equipotent to other preparations of hCRF. 

Ammo acids can be extracted from biological tissue or tissue powder with 5-7% trichloroacetic acid (Freeman et al, 1980 Berl and Frigyesi, 1969). The trichloroacetic acid has to be removed prior to preparation for GC-MF analysis by successive washes with ether and the washed extract reduced to dryness. 

To avoid the above problems we routinely use an extraction method in which DNA fragments become bound to hyroxyapatite powder (9). This is handled in the form of a centriftiged chromatography column for the purposes of washing with various buffers and final elution of pure DNA in 0.5 M potassium phosphate. This DNA is concentrated and desalted in a centrifugal ultrafiltration device (Centricon-10 from Amicon). Many commercial kits are available for the isolation of pure DNA from biological samples therefore a detailed description of the above method seems inappropriate, however, choice of the method should take into account the above considerations. 

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