Input encoding

The external trigger input allows automatic inspections and ultrasonic imaging. The clock signal of an encoder or of stepper motors can be used as a trigger for the pulser. An internal software controlled divider allows different scan resolutions. 

A year later, a novel method of encoding chemical structures via typewriter input (punched paper tape) was described by Feldmann [42]. The constructed typewriter had a special character set and recorded on the paper tape the character struck and the position (coordinates) of the character on the page. These input data made it possible to produce tabular representations of the structure. 

The trained counterpvopagation network is then able to predict the spectrum for a new structure when operating as a look-up table (see Figure 10.2-9) the encoded query or th.c input structure is input into the trained network and the winning neuron is determined by considering just the upper part of the network. The neuron points to the corresponding neuron in the lower part of the network, which then provides the simulated IR spectrum. 

Pulse Inputs Where the sensor within the measurement device is digital in nature, analog-to-digital conversion can be avoided. For rotational devices, the rotational element can be outfitted with a shaft encoder that generates a known number of pulses per revolution. The digital system can process such inputs in either of the following ways ... 

The individual responsible for completing the data input forms needs formalized training in data collection procedures, with written instructions on form completion, on data handling, and on documentation procedures. Other material needed to encode raw data properly must be available. In addition, these individuals need access to a consultant within the organization to help resolve questions that may arise. 

The primary value of proper and consistent data encoding is that it preserves the quality of input data. In addition, the use of accepted standard encoding schemes provides data that can be compared and combined with generic data. 

Figure 10.6 shows an example of how a Hopfield net that hc been trained to store the ten digits 0,1,..., 9 (encoded on a 5 x 9 grid consisting of the 45 neurons making up the net), can be used to retrieve the digit 6 from noisy input. 

Sakurai, T., Nagata, R Yamanaka, A. et al. (2005). Input of orexin/hypocretin neurons revealed by a genetically encoded tracer in mice. Neuron 46, 297-308. 

Fig. 26 (a) The chemical structure of the molecular half-adder. The conformation of each N02 group encodes the logic input while the output status is encoded in the resistance between the drive and the output nano-electrodes. The complete truth table for the XOR and the AND outputs. Note the difference in magnitude between the XOR 1 and the AND 1 . (b) The T(E) spectra of the junction represented in Fig. 26 for all the logic inputs (solid line). Each inset emphasizes the modification of the conductance near the Fermi energy of the molecule. Each T(E) spectrum had been fitted in the active area to determine the minimum number of quantum levels required to reproduce it (dashed line)... 

The optical fibers connect the two longest links of a typical optical fiber communications system. In brief, an input signal enters an encoder generally in an electrical form with the... 

---