Aerobic soils

Studies have found that methyl parathion degrades more rapidly in anaerobic soil than in aerobic soils (Adhya et al. 1981, 1987 Brahmaprakash et al. 1987). An average half-life of 64 days was determined for nonflooded (aerobic) soils compared to an average half-life of 7 days in flooded (anaerobic) soils (Adhya et al. 1987). In experiments with " C-labeled methyl parathion, 35% of the labeled compound was recovered from nonflooded soil after 28 days, compared with 9% recovered from flooded soil (Brahmaprakash et al. 1987). 

Henson JM, Yates MV, Cochran JW, et al. 1988. Microbial removal of halogenated methanes, ethanes, and ethylenes in an aerobic soil exposed to methane. Published in FEMS Microbiology Ecology. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc. Ada, OK and Oklahoma Univ., Norman Dept, of Botany and Microbiology. EPA/600/J-88/066. 

Sander and Schwelnsbergi reported that nitrite levels in soil were low even in the presence of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. The general rule seems to be that N02" levels in normal, aerobic soils are undetectably low, but they may temporarily increase in special circumstances. 

The N -Ditroso derivatives of the dinitroaniline herbicides bu-tralinSa and pendimethalin were quite stable in aerobic soils, persisting over several months. An aerobic actinotnycete of the Streptonyces genus was isolated from soil that metabolized N -ni-trosopendimethalin in laboratory culture.e... 

Fitzgerald JW (1976) Sulfate ester formation and hydrolysis a potentially important yet often ignored aspect of the sulfur cycle of aerobic soils. Bacterial Rev 40 698-721. 

Soil t,/2 = 672 1320 h, based on unacclimated grab sample of aerobic soil and aerobic aqueous screening test data (Howard et al. 1991). 

Ground water t,/2 0.3 yr from observed persistence in groundwater of Netherlands (Zoeteman et al. 1981) t,/2 = 168-672 h, based on unacclimated grab sample data of aerobic soil from groundwater aquifers (Wilson et al. 1983 Swindoll et al. 1987 Howard et al. 1991). 

Sediment desorption t, 2 = 23.2 d from sediment under conditions mimicking marine disposal (Zhang et al. 2000). Soil t,/2 = 21840-51360 h, based on aerobic soil die-away test data Howard et al. 1991) ty2 > 50 d (Ryan et al. 1988) ... 

Soil biodegradation rate constant k = 0.0339 d 1 with t,/2 = 20 d for Kidman sandy loam soil and k = 0.0252 d with t,/2 = 28 d for McLaurin sandy loam soil (Park et al. 1990) t./2 480-672 h, based on aerobic soil die-away test data (Howard et al. 1991). 

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