Inorganic contaminants pollutants

Inorganic Gases Control - Water is the most common solvent used to remove inorganic contaminants. Pollutant removal may be enhanced by manipulating the chemistry of the absorbing solution so that it reacts with the pollutant. Caustic solution ... 

The removal of a wide variety of pollutants by means of non-thermal plasma has been reported aliphatic hydrocarbons [1-3], aromatics [4-7], chlorinated hydrocarbons [4,8-10], as well as inorganic contaminants such as S02, H2S [11,12] and NOx, which will be discussed in detail in this chapter. 

One of the more recent technologies in pollution treatment and remediation is based on the electrokinetic decontamination of soils [126-128], in which a dc potential (a few volts per centimeter) is applied across two inert electrodes embedded in a soil mass. This applied potential causes decomposition of the soil water to occur at the two electrodes. The migration of contaminants in the electric field, water transport, and reactions at the electrodes, as well as reactions caused by the induced pH gradient, can effectively clean soils. Acar et al. [127] reviewed electrokinetic remediation for the removal of metals and other inorganic contaminants from soil as well as its use in the extraction of organics from contaminated soils. 

In addition to complexing metals in the aqueous phase, humic materials can also remove metals and radionuclides contained within the mineral matrix (18). The factors that control this behavior are not well understood however, it has direct implications on waste storage and containment strategies. The binding of organic and inorganic contaminants to humic substances is known to alter their bioavailability (41). Organic contaminants that are associated with humic substances are essentially unavailable for uptake by biota. In most cases studied, toxic metals associated with humic materials also have reduced uptake. With the new focus on bioremediation of polluted are as, the effect of the association of pollutants with humic materials on their phytotoxic properties must be considered, particularly for bound metals and radionuclides. 

Additionally, several inorganic contaminants were analysed. In the present work, time-resolved concentration profiles of a variety of source specific substances are discussed in detail in order to gain a deeper insight into contamination vs. time trends and, consequently, the pollution history of the Lippe river system. 

A soil polluted by organic and/or inorganic contaminants is basically a multiphase soil-fluid-chemical system. Therefore, it is important to understand the nature of the system prior to the detailed discussion on the occurrence of geochemical processes within the system during electrochemical remediation. 

Contaminants polluting our water may be chemical or microbiological. Chemical hazards are caused by the chemical compounds which may be inorganic or organic. They may be present in the water due to the natural source, such as arsenic, which is a natural component of some soils and may be dissolved in groundwater. Alternatively, the contaminant may have been introduced into the ecosystem or the water source by human activity, such as pesticides, that trickle down sediment layers and streams and find their way into our freshwater. Some contaminants are by-products of chemicals used during the disinfection processes applied. 

The hydrogen chloride, although not usually considered to be a major pollutant, is produced from mineral matter and other inorganic contaminants ... 

Monitoring the concentrations of various pollutants in industrial wastewater, as well as surface and ground water, with precision and accuracy is a difficult task. Wastewater is a complex matrix that normally contains organic pollutants of non-polar to polar nature in addition to bulk inorganic contaminants. Additionally, interferences are likely when handling complex mixtures of compounds. Under these circumstances, chromatography has played an important role and has provided solutions to complex analytical problems. It is extremely important to have an excellent analytical technique that can accurately... 

In practice, the extent to which a freshwater system has been stressed by pollutants can be determined through an examination of the presence or absence of specific chironomid species with known pollution tolerances. Finer scale analyses of relative abundances can also provide clues to the presence of specific stressors. For instance, high abundance of a chironomid species such as Dicrotendipes nervosus frequently indicates the presence of abundant decomposable organic matter, whereas species such as Cricotopus bicinctus are found more commonly in systems with high levels of inorganic contaminants (7). Since even closely related species can have distinct pollution tolerances, the need for proper identifications is particularly important and useful (d). 

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