Inoculum size

Maximum cell dry weight is inoculum size plus coefficient yield multiplied by inoculum concentration, with the assumption that substrate is converted to biomass 19,20... 

In all experiments the inoculum size should be controlled and clearly stated in any account of the experiment. 

Table 11.2 Effect of inoculum size on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of three antiseptics against Staphylococcus aureus... 

Graded doses ofthe test substance are incorporated into broth dispensed in McCartney boules and the bottles inoculated with the test organism and incubated. The point at which no growth occurs is taken as the bacteriostatic concentration (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC). It is essential when performing these tests to determine the size of the inoculum as the position of the end-point varies considerably with inoculum size, which should always be defined in any description of result. 

However, inoculum size alone is not always a rehable indicator of likely spoilage potential. A very low level of s, aggressive pseudomonads in a weakly preserved solution may suggest a greater risk than tablets containing fairly high numbers of fungal and bacterial spores. 

Sterilization process Species Inoculum size D-value... 

People of blood type O are more susceptible to El Tor vibrios than people of other blood types.18 Inoculum size affects the likelihood and severity of cholera infection. The infectious dose is lower in patients who are taking antacids owing to the neutralization of gastric acid.19... 

Middeldorp PJM, De Wolf J, Zehnder AJB, Schraa G (1997) Enrichment and properties of a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-dechlorinating methanogenic microbial consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 1225-1229 Miller ME, Alexander M (1991) Kinetics of bacterial degradation of benzylamine in a montmorillonite suspension. Environ Sci Technol 25 240-245 Montville R, Schaffner DW (2003) Inoculum size influences bacterial cross contamination between surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 7188-7193 Mortland, MM (1970) Clay-organic complexes and interactions. Advances in Agronomy 22 75-117... 

Ward, P.F.V. and N.S. Huskisson. 1969. The metabolism of fluoroacetate by plants. Biochem. Jour. 113 9P. Wong, D.H., W.E. Kirkpatrick, D.R. King, and J.E. Kinnear. 1992a. Defluorination of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) by microorganisms isolated from western Australian soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 833-838. Wong, D.H., W.E. Kirkpatrick, D.R. King, and J.E. Kinnear. 1992b. Environmental factors and microbial inoculum size, and their effect on biodefluorination of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080). Soil Biol. Biochem. 9 838-843. 

The overall outcome from intraabdominal infection depends on five key factors inoculum size, virulence of the organisms, the presence of adjuvants within the peritoneal cavity that facilitate infection, the adequacy of host defenses, and the adequacy of initial treatment. 

Takeuchi, K. and Frank, J. F. (2000). Penetration of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 into lettuce tissues as affected by inoculum size and temperature and the effect of chlorine treatment on cell viability.. Food Prot. 63, 43-L440. 

Rhizopus oryzae was immobilized in polyurethane foam cubes by Sun et al. -" The effects of the cube size on cell immobilization, cell growth and L(-i-)-lactic acid production were studied, limnobilization was accomplished by simple adsorption. The use of small cubes for R. oiyzae immobilization was very effective in increasing the productivity of L(-t-)-lactic acid by the immobilized cells. The inoculum size was effective for increasing the immobilization ratio (ratio of the number of cubes containing cells to the total number of cubes). We discussed mass transport problems of polyurethane foam and how the application of certain composite technologies mitigates this difficulty earlier in this chapter. 

Ramadan, M. A., El-Tayeb, O. M. Alexander, M. (1990). Inoculum size as a factor limiting the success of inoculation in bioremediation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, 1392-6. 

Estimate the number of generations of growth needed for genetically modified microorganisms from 1 mL culture to a 33,000L production-scale fermenter. Assume that the inoculum size in each stage of the... 

Moxalactam is active against most commonly encountered anaerobic bacteria (6,10,14,23-25,29,30,35-37) and is more active against certain strains than cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and cefoxitin. For many isolates, the concentration of moxalactam required for bactericidal activity is the same as or twofold greater than the MIC (23,27,28). For most bacterial strains, increasing the inoculum size has little or no effect on the MIC of moxalactam (6,9,10,13,16,21). 

Higher conversions of xylan and glucan were seen with increases in both moisture content and inoculum size (Table 4), but no correlation was observed between the conversions and the relative amounts of inoculum and moisture (ratio of inoculum to moisture content not shown). Thus, it is unlikely that these two parameters comprise an interaction effect that is important to the operation of the system. Lower moisture contents gave lower overall amounts of degradation, but seemingly better selectivities for xylan degradation although coefficients of variation for conversions were... 

This indicates that initial moisture is the more critical parameter to control, and also that the system is less sensitive to initial moisture at shorter treatment times. Shorter treatment times could be used without compromising final compositions by increasing initial inoculum size, depending on final costs. 

Figure 7 shows the effect of inoculum size on growth rate in 250-mL flask cultures. Maximum growth rate occurred with an inoculum size of 0.4% (w/v). Above 0.7% (w/v) growth rate was declined. The final cell growth was not proportional to the increase in inoculum size. This result, caused by the growth rate reduction at higher root tissue concentration,... 

Fig. 7. Comparison of hairy root growth rate on inoculum size in flask culture at 15 d.

Fig. 8. Effect of inoculum size on biomass growth rate in bioreactor culture for 32 d.

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