Innovation mechanisms

Heaton, G.R., Financing the Process of Technological Change Innovative Mechanisms for the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies. UNIDO, Vienna, Austria, 1995. 

Second, in addition to the PSP problem, the commercialization of Alaska s shellfish industry is hampered by high labor and transportation costs along with a scarcity of readily available capital. However, these problems lend themselves to solutions through innovation, mechanization and some forms of low interest state loans. 

Control improvements have provided more consistent heating capabilities. Some heater manufacturers have developed or refined their manufacturing processes, while others have developed new heating systems, such as gas catalytic panel heating systems, to provide the industry with more effective heaters - and more heater-to-heater temperature consistency.476 This type of technology permits innovative mechanical... 

There didn t exist deformable machine made entirely of actively deformable material. This is the reason why the design stage was required. Model enabled me to design innovative mechanisms. There are two advantages for modelling based... 

The basic design, the detailed design of main innovative mechanical components, and the technical specifications for the majority of the fluid systems of the MARS are targeted for the completion in 2006 will be completed. The final design of a MARS prototype could then be completed in two years, subject to the conditions of funding and support from the industry. 

The seismic qualification of the innovative mechanical solutions will be completed in a couple of years. 

By the end of 2006, the MARS basic design, the detailed design of the main innovative mechanical components and the technical specifications for most of the fluid systems will be completed on the basis of the only work forces of the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Energy Conversion of the University of Rome La Sapienza . 

An experimental facility to qualify innovative mechanical solutions of the MARS plant from a dynamic, and in particular seismic, point of view is being built at the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Energy Conversion. 

Esposito, F., Corona, A., Tramontano, E. (2012). HIV-1 reverse transcriptase still remains a new drug target structure, function, classical inhibitors, and new inhibitors with innovative mechanisms of actions. Mol. Biol. Int. 2012, 586401. 

Polyimides (PI) were among the eadiest candidates in the field of thermally stable polymers. In addition to high temperature property retention, these materials also exhibit chemical resistance and relative ease of synthesis and use. This has led to numerous innovations in the chemistry of synthesis and cure mechanisms, stmcture variations, and ultimately products and appHcations. Polyimides (qv) are available as films, fibers, enamels or varnishes, adhesives, matrix resins for composites, and mol ding powders. They are used in numerous commercial and military aircraft as stmctural composites, eg, over a ton of polyimide film is presently used on the NASA shuttle orbiter. Work continues on these materials, including the more recent electronic apphcations. 

Chemical, cultural, and mechanical weed control practices have been relatively successful ia reducing yield losses from weeds (448). However, herbicide-resistant weed populations, soil erosion, pesticide persistence ia the environment, and other problems associated with technologies used (ca 1993) to control weeds have raised concerns for the long-term efficacy and sustainability of herbicide-dependent crop production practices (449). These concerns, coupled with ever-increasing demands for food and fiber, contribute to the need for innovative weed management strategies (450). 

Nonchemical or traditional practices, such as weed seed removal, optimal crop seeding rates, crop selection, enhanced crop competitiveness, crop rotation, and mechanical weed control are all important components of an effective weed management program (458,459). In the context of modern intensive chemical herbicide appHcation, nonchemical practices may even represent an innovative approach to weed management and should receive careful consideration. 

Patents and trade secrets are protected by securing rights to ideas and the appHcation of ideas that have commercial worth. The grant of rights in patents and trade secrets is based on an appreciation of development, advancement, and invention that will stimulate innovation by advancing technology. Patents and trade secrets are two distinct mechanisms for protecting invention vis-a-vis the appHcation of ideas. Both are supported by the poHcies and laws of the United States. 

Perhaps the most important innovation of all is in the thermomechanical control processes, involving closely controlled simultaneous application of heat and deformation, to improve the mechanical properties, especially of ultra-microalloyed compositions. Processes such as controlled rolling are now standard procedures in steel mills. 

Encapsulated Flocculants - A recent innovation in commercially available flocculants is a counter ionic system, where one charged moiety is encapsulated and suspended in the counter charged product. This facilitates a mechanism of delayed release of the encapsulated product. 

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