Inlet product yields from

It may be purified by recrystallization from hot hydrochloric add, as recommended in Org. Syn. 3, 87, but on account of the difficulty of filtration this procedure is satisfactory on a small scale only. It is preferably distilled in 200-g. lots from a 500-cc. Claisen flask under 10-15 mm. pressure, b.p. 160-165V12 mm. It is important that no air inlet be used to prevent bumping, since under these conditions it partly sublimes and causes trouble by stopping up the connections. A filter or distilling flask is used as a receiver and only a short but wide bore (10 mm.) air condenser is necessary. This product is pale yellow and melts at 95-96°. The yield from 200 g. of crude product is 180-185 g-... 

The fractional yield of a product is a measure of how selective a particular reactant is in forming a particular product, and hence is sometimes referred to as selectivity.1 Two ways of representing selectivity are (1) the overall fractional yield (from inlet to a particular point such as the outlet) and (2) the instantaneous fractional yield (at a... 

The polymer sample (35 mg) was pyrolyzed in a quartz cell which was directly attached to the inlet flange of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Gases evolved from the pol3raier compound were dynamically sampled via a 1.0-mm diameter orifice, formed into a modulated molecular beam, and mass analyzed. Information was obtained on the total yield of volatile products, product composition, and individual product yields as a function of temperature. 

Anhydrous nickel(II) chloride (1.30 g., 0.01 mole) is dissolved in 100 ml. of absolute ethanol in a 200-ml. round-bottomed flask fitted with a reflux condenser and nitrogen inlet and outlet. Diethyl phenylphosphonite (10 g., 0.05 mole) is added, and the solution is heated to reflux. After 3 hours, the heat is removed and the solution is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. The product separates as yellow crystals from the solution. With a stream of nitrogen passing through the flask, the mother liquor is transferred by syringe to another 200-ml. flask the crystals are washed with two 20-ml. portions of absolute ethanol, and dried in vacuo. Concentration of the mother liquor to 30 ml. yields additional product. Yield is 8.2 g. (97%). Anal. Calcd. for C HeoOsNiP C, 56.51 H, 7.11 P, 14.60. Found C, 56.27 H, 7.17 P, 14.54. 

Table Z2 lists the pyrolysis product yields for diffinent feedstocks treated at very high severity with recyde of the ethane produced or unconverted at the inlet of the reaction section. Indeed, ethane is an ideal raw material the formation of the lower olefins. It may be observed that the relative production of ethylene decreases as the feedstodc becomes heavier. Also worth noting is that the ratio of Uie ethylene and propylene yidds (C2/CJ ratio) decreases steadily from ethane to the gas oils, whereas the percentage of pyrolysis gasoline (Cs 200 C cot) increases simnltaneously. As to the butadiene yield, thb varies slightly with the type of feedstock in the treatment of liquid petroleum fractions.

Table 9 presents typical results from an operation extending beyond 7200 sec in duration and compares them to the yield from the predictive model simulation. The conditions under which these results were obtained were flow rates of 0.57 g/sec (both for naphtha and for steam) and 17.8 g/sec (flue gas) at inlet temperatures of 723 K on the process side and 1298 K on the flue gas side. This design shows considerable promise for controlling product composition and conversion with short residence time. 

In the reaction flask, p-tolylsilane (160.0 g, 1.31 mol) is mixed with 200 mL diethyl ether and ca. 1 g of AICI3 is added as a catalyst and dissolved imder nitrogen. The nitrogen inlet is exchanged for the HCl-inlet, and HCl gas is slowly bubbled into the mixture with slow stirring at room temperature. The reaction is discontinued when no p-tolylsilane can be detected in the mixture (by NMR). The solvent is evaporated and the product distilled from the residue using a vacuum, bp 61°C/7 Torr, yield 188.2 g, 92%. Colorless liquid, sensitive to air and moisture. NMR (benzene-de) 2.04 (s,... 

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