Injectors diazepam

Abbara et al. performed simultaneous quantification of different antidotes (diazepam, pralidoxime and atropine) typically co-administered for the therapy of anticholinesterase poisoning (Table 5) [44], PK data resulting from i.m. drug injection by means of a bi-compartemental auto-injector were calculated from human plasma concentrations measured by LC-ESIMS/MS with MRM settings. Administration of 2 mg atropine sulphate yielded plasma peak concentrations of about 4 ng/ml 15 min after injection. 

It must be remembered that for immediate field treatment most soldiers are equipped with only three 2 mg autoinjectors of atropine (as well as oxime, and possibly anticonvulsant injectors) for administration by themselves or a buddy . Most medical treatment doctrines call for oxime administration only with the first three autoinjectors of atropine. Additional oxime beyond this initial treatment will be administered under direction of a physician at a medical treatment facility. Additional atropine and anticonvulsant treatment is carried by the medic/corpsman in most West-em/NATO forces and will be absolutely required in cases of severe poisoning. US medical treatment guidelines call for the administration of the first CANA anticonvulsant (10 mg of diazepam)... 

Convulsive Antidote Nerve Agent (CANA) is a convulsion antidote for nerve agents. CANA is an auto-injector that contains 2ml of diazepam (more commonly known as Valium) as the anticonvulsant. Diazepam is fully approved for this application by the USFDA. It is used only as buddy-aid, never self injected. CANA is a note Q item requiring vault or safe storage. Additionally, this item must be stored at a controlled room temperature of 59-86 degrees Fahrenheit. The shelf life is two years. 

Diazepam, in tablet form, is used as an anticonvulsant drug for the treatment of convulsions, but as this requires temporary removal of respiratory protection, a water-soluble prodrug of diazepam, avizophone, has now been incorporated into the injector formulation in the... 

For a casualty who is able to administer a MARK I kit and seek out a buddy, a total of two antidote kits usually will be sufficient. On the other hand, a soldier with effects so severe that he is unable to self-administer the antidotes must depend on buddy-aid. A soldier who is not walking or talking should be given three MARK I antidote kits and diazepam by his buddy as quickly as they can be administered. When the unit medic or combat life-saver arrives, he can administer additional atropine and one or two more injectors of diazepam as conditions indicate.2... 

If there is a potential threat from a nerve agent attack, public safety responders should carry the NAAK and hospitals should stock the kits. Those areas most likely to be threatened are metropolitan areas, areas near military storage sites for nerve agents, and areas near chemical weapons transportation routes. Each rescuer should he issued three MARK I kits (NAAK) with the atropine and prahdoxime injectors and with the consideration of issuing one CANA diazepam injector. 

Patients with severe symptoms (seizing, apnea, cyanosis, unconsciousness) should immediately receive three NAAKs plus diazepam (CANA injector). The autoinjectors will work through two layers of clothes or a chemical suit. 

DuoDote has both the atropine and 2-PAM in the same syringe. DuoDote has only recently been made available to civilians. Some kits may also contain a diazepam or CANA injector (Figure S3.2). You must be able to identify the symptoms and signs that require use of the NAAK, select the appropriate dosage, and administer the atropine, pralidoxime, and diazepam as required. 

Grasp the diazepam autoinjector (refer to Figure S3-2) with your dominant hand with the black (needle) end extending beyond your thumb and two fingers (like you held the atropine and 2-PAM injectors—refer to Figure S3-3d). 

Up to three diazepam injectors may have to be used if the patient continues to have seizures. Wait 10 minutes between injections for convulsions to subside. Diazepam is a sedative, and once it has been given the patient must be monitored closely to be sure he or she does not hypoventilate. 

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