Injectors atropine

Children weighing less than 15 lbs (generally younger than 6 months of age) should ordinarily not be treated with the AtroPen auto-injector. Atropine doses for these children should be individualized at doses of 0.05 mg/kg. 

Synonyms AtroPen auto injector Atropine sulfate injection Atropisol Atrosulf-1 Ocu-tropine Ocean-A/S Sal-tropine... 

The NAAK left) contains two injectors (atropine and 2-PAM), while the ATNAA right) contains both antidotes in the same injector. 

Immediate treatment of an exposed individual is essential. The U.S. regimen includes the pretreatment, and after exposure atropine and 2-PAM are self-adininistered. Eurther treatment includes up to two additional doses, followed by the tranquilizer VaHum. As required, artificial respiration is instituted, clearing the airway if necessary. The current standard U.S. Army atropine item is the automatic injector, Atropen, designed for self-adininistration by the individual in the field. 

Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK or MARK I) consists of an atropine auto-injector (2 mg), a pralidoxime chloride auto-injector (2-Pam-Cl, 600 mg), the plastic clip joining the two injectors, and a foam case. The kit serve as a countermeasure to nerve agents, including tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), GF, and VX. Military personnel can receive three MARK I for self/buddy aid. Possible side effects of atropine and/or 2-PAM-C1 are deemed insignificant in a nerve agent casualty. Intravenous atropine and 2-PAM-C1 can also be made available. The MARK I kit is manufactured by Survival Technology, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 

Injections using the MARK I kit injectors (or atropine only if directed by the local physician) may be repeated at 5 to 20 minute intervals if signs and symptoms are progressing until three series of injections have been administered. No more injections will be given unless directed by medical personnel. In addition, a record will maintained of all injections given. 

Administer, in rapid succession, all three MARK I kit injectors (or atropine if directed by the local physician) in the case of SEVERE signs of agent exposure. 

Thirty minutes later helicopters are in the air and troops are once more testing their state-of-the art gas masks for leaks. When it is time to move in and round up the bad guys the soldiers will have to wear their hated protective garments, as well. Each of these steam-bath suits has a small strap-on kit, containing a dozen antidote injectors, along with the usual atropine syrettes for nerve gas - there will be no shortage of medicine. 

Abbara et al. performed simultaneous quantification of different antidotes (diazepam, pralidoxime and atropine) typically co-administered for the therapy of anticholinesterase poisoning (Table 5) [44], PK data resulting from i.m. drug injection by means of a bi-compartemental auto-injector were calculated from human plasma concentrations measured by LC-ESIMS/MS with MRM settings. Administration of 2 mg atropine sulphate yielded plasma peak concentrations of about 4 ng/ml 15 min after injection. 

Mark i kits contain atropine 2 mg and 2-PAMCi 600 mg in separate auto-injectors. 

MARK/Kit (contains two spring loaded auto injectors that contain atropine and 2-PAMCI). 

In mass casualty situations, intravenous antidotes may not be available. In that case, the intramuscular administration is acceptable. Most Emergency Medical Systems in the United States now stock military Autoinjector units containing atropine and pralidoxime, although kits with pediatric doses may not be available. However, in critical situations, children older than 2 or 3 years of age weighing at least 13 kg might benefit from 2 mg of atropine and 600 mg pralidoxime administered intramuscularly with auto-injectors (7). Experience with the accidental atropine auto-injection in 240 Israeli children unexposed to nerve agents revealed that... 

The neurobehavioral effects of atropine have been reviewed by Longo (1966), Headley (1982) and Penetar (1990), and the following account draws heavily from those excellent sources. Atropine has prominent effects on heart rate, thermoregulation, vision, and cognitive processes. In the doses carried by the individual soldier for use as emergency treatment, three 2-mg injectors (6 mg total) of atropine can produce pronounced effects on all of those functions. 

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