Injectable biomaterials composites

Key words injectable polymers, composites, mechanical properties, biomaterials. 

Guo X, Park H, Liu GP, Liu W, Cao YL, Tabata Y, et al. In vitro generation of an osteochondral constmct using injectable bydrogel composites encapsulating rabbit marrow mesencb3fmal stem cehs. Biomaterials 2009 30(14) 2741—52. 

Gonzalez Corchon, M. A., Salvado, M., de la Torre, B. J., Collia, F., de Pedro, J. A., Vazquez, B. Roman, J. S. (2006) Injectable and self-curing composites of acrylic/ bioactive glass and drug systems. A histomorphometric analysis of the behaviour in rabbits. Biomaterials, 27, 1778-87. 

Park, H., Temenoff, J. S., Tabata, Y., Caplan, A. I. Mikos, A. G. (2007) Injectable biodegradable hydrogel composites for rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cell and growth factor delivery for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 28, 3217-27. 

Caleium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been investigated extensively as injectable bone replacement biomaterials due to their similar chemical composition to the mineral component of bone. A Umitation of CPCs is their brittle mechanical properties and slow degradation in vivo Therefore, enhancing the mechanical properties, injectability, and rate of cellular infiltration and remodeling of CPCs while preserving their favorable biocompatibility is an important and active area of research. While ceramic biomaterials are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 2, the biocompatibihty of conventional CPCs, as well as the implications of recent advancements on the biocompatibility of these biomaterials, will be reviewed in this chapter. 

Trojani C, Boukhechba F, Scimeca JC, Vandenbos F, Michiels JF, Daculsi G, et al. Ectopic bone formation using an injectable biphasic calcium phosphate/Si-HPMC hydrogel composite loaded with undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials 2006 27(17) 3256-3264. 

The CBBCs can be divided into two main groups resoibable and stable biomaterials. Ca-aluminate based biomaterials and to some extent Ca-sihcates are stable materials after hydration, and can favorably be used for load-bearing applications. The Ca-phosphates, Ca-sulphates and Ca-carbonates are known to be resorbable or slowly resorbable when inserted in the body, and their main applications are within bone void filUng with low mechanical stress upon the biomaterial. The resorbable materials are after various time depending on the specific chemical composition replaced by new bone tissue. This can start immediately after injection and the material can be completely dissolved after months and in some cases after a few years. 

Park H, Temenoff JS, Tabata Y, Caplan Al, Mikos AG. Injectable biodegradable bydrogel composites for rabbit marrow mesencbymal stem ceU and growth factor dehvery for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2007 28(21) 3217—27. 

S. He, M.J Yaszemski, A.W Yasko, P.S. Engel, and A.G. Mikos, Injectable biodegradable polymer composites based on poly (propylene fumarate) crosslinked with poly (ethylene glycol)-dimethacrylate. Biomaterials, 21,2389-2394, 2000. 

Dupraz, A., Nguyen, T.P., Richard, M., Daculsi, G., and Passuti, N. (1999) Influence of a ceflulosic ether carrier on the structure of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic particles in an injectable composite material. Biomaterials, 20,663-673. 

Pan, W., Li, D., Wei, Y, Hn, Y, Zhou, L., 2013. Tendon-to-bone healing using an injectable calcium phosphate cement combined with bone xenograft/BMP composite. Biomaterials 34 (38), 9926-9936. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.018. 

Fu, S., et al., 2012. Injectable and thermo-sensitive PEG-PCL-PEG copolymer/collagen/n-HA hydrogel composite for guided bone regeneration. Biomaterials 33 (19), 4801 809. 

Ni, P., et al., 2014. Injectable thermosensitive PEG-PCL-PEG hydrogel/aceUular bone matrix composite for bone regeneration in cranial defects. Biomaterials 35 (1), 236-248. Available at http //www.ncbi.nhn.nih.gov/pubmed/24138826 (accessed 05.01.16). 

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