Fullerene composites

Also, novel magnetic properties have been reported in mixed fullerene composites, in which the fullerene is limited... 

The C-C linkage in tire polymeric [60]fullerene composite is highly unstable and, in turn, tire reversible [2+2] phototransfonnation leads to an almost quantitative recovery of tire crystalline fullerene. In contrast tire similarly conducted illumination of [70]fullerene films results in an irreversible and randomly occurring photodimerization. The important aspect which underlines tire markedly different reactivity of tire [60]fullerene polymer material relative to, for example, tire analogous [36]fullerene composites, is tire reversible transfomration of tire fomrer back to the initial fee phase. 

The chapter is organized as follows the second section will discuss the photophysics of conjugated polymer/fullerene composites as a standard model for a charge-generating layer in plastic solar cells. Pristine polymer devices will be discussed in the third section while bilayer and interpenetrating network devices are presented in Sections 4 and 5. Section 6 contains some remarks on large area plastic solar cells and Section 7 conclusions. 

Keywords C60 fullerene composites normal and transformed cells photoexcitation reactive oxygen species... 

Thompson, B. C. Frechet, J. M. ]., Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2007, 47,58-77. 

Thompson BC, Frechet JMJ (2008) Organic photovoltaics - polymer-fullerene composite solar cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 47 58... 

The excited state pattern of a conjugated polymer/fullerene composite is shown in Fig. 1.16. First, the dynamics of pure MDMO PPV excited by a sub-10-fs pulse is compared with the dynamics of MDMO PPV/PCBM... 

Chirvase D., Parisi J., Hummelen J. C. and Dyakonov V. (2004), Influence of nanomorphology on the photovoltaic action of polymer-fullerene composites , Nanotechnology 15, 1317-1323. 

Scharber M. C., Schultz N. A., Sariciftci N. S. and Brabec C. J. (2003), Optical- and photocurrent-detected magnetic resonance studies on conjugated polymer/ fullerene composites , Phys. Rev. B 67, 085202-1-085202-7. 

Montanari 1, Nogueira AF, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Winder C, Loi MA, Sariciftci NS, Brabec CJ (2001) Transient optical studies of charge recombination dynamics in a polymer/fullerene composite at room temperature. Appl Phys Lett 81 3001... 

Fullerene containing systems are also of interest and have been covered in some detail in terms of applications and properties." Strong photoenergy transfer has been observed between pendant fullerene groups in PPV copolymers and main chain chromophores, especially at low temperatures." In PPV/fullerene composite films, an increase in the substituted side-chain length has been found to lower the energy of the emission bands while the fullerene dopant also quenched the emissions. In this way the electronic affinity of the PPVs can be controlled." Conjugated polyelectrolytes also have applications as fluorescent sensors." ... 

The intensity of the Ag pentagonal pinch mode which appears at 1468 cm"1 in the Raman spectra of pristine C6o is very sensitive to the presence of polymerized fullerene phases [1]. Raman spectra of the fullerene composite membranes (d - 0.5 pm) shown in Fig. 1 were obtained in the vicinity of this Ag mode (1468 cm 1) before and after the ozone treatment. The ozone treatment of the both nonpolymerized and polimerized fullerene films did not result in a... 

Savagatrup, S., Makaram, A.S., Burke, D.J., Lipomi, D.J., 2014a. Mechanical properties of conjugated polymers and polymer-fullerene composites as a function of molecular structure. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24,1169-1181. 

B. C. Thompson, J. M. J. Frechet, Polymer-Fullerene Composite Solar Cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 58-77. 

Sariciftci, N.S., and A.J. Heeger. 1997. Photophysics, charge separation, and device applications of conjugated polymer/fullerene composites. Handbook of conductive molecules and polymers, vol.l, ed. H.S. Nalwa. New York John Wiley and Sons. 

Dyakonov, V., G. Zoriniants, M. Scharber, C.J. Brabec, R.A.J. Janssen, J.C. Hummelen, and N.S. Sariciftci. 1999. Photoinduced charge carriers in conjugated polymer-fullerene composites studied with light-induced electron-spin resonance. Phys Rev B 59 8019. 

---