Inhalation packaging

The essential counselling points should be taken from the inhaler package insert... 

Acrolein is a DOT Flammable Liquid having subsidiary DOT hazard classifications of Poison B and Corrosive Material. It is also an inhalation hazard that falls under the special packaging requirements of 49 CER 173.3a. 

CORTICOSTEROID INHALANTS. The inhalers, particularly die corticosteroid or mast cell aerosols, may cause tiiroat irritation and infection with Candida albicans. The nurse instructs the patient to use strict oral hygiene, cleanse die inhaler as directed in die package directions, and use die proper technique when taking an inhalation. These interventions will decrease die incidence of candidiasis and help to soodie die throat. Occasionally an antifungal drug may be prescribed by die primary health care provider to manage the candidiasis. 

Troop exposure to these materials could result from leaking DF containers, accidents that disrupt packaging, spills at production or storage facilities, or accidents during transport. Because DF and DC are relatively volatile compounds, the primary route of exposure is expected to be the respiratory system. However, ingestion also results from inhalation exposures in animals and could occur in humans. DF and DC vapors have a pungent odor and may cause severe and painful irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Data provided are for DF only, DC has similar properties. 

Due to the low volatility of cyromazine and the use of water-soluble bags for packaging the Trigard formulation, the main routes of exposure were expected to be from direct contact with the product or spray mixture on contaminated surfaces. Previous experience with pesticides worker exposure studies indicated that exposure from vapors or spray mist would be a minor factor. This can easily be confirmed by the PHED or similar published sources however, the extent of exposure from inhaling the product as dust is less well known. This route of exposure was also assumed to be minor, particularly with the use of water-soluble bag packaging. Given the low mammalian toxicity of cyromazine, the operators did not wear respiratory protection. 

The description of the method to be used should include details of all practical precautions which will be taken to limit risk, such as the need for ventilation, minimization of inhalation of particulates or aerosols, using fume cupboards or safety screens, and wearing gloves, laboratory coat, and safety spectacles. Handling procedures, packaging for transit, and disposal of unused reactants or products all need to be considered. 

Biological risk Mitigation of risk handling procedures, packaging for transit, minimization of inhalation of particulates or aerosols. 

To evaluate inhalation toxicity in situations where workers are exposed to various concentrations and durations of a drug vapor, aerosol, or powder in the work environment during manufacturing or packaging, a more comprehensive determination of E(COso or L(Ct)so values are used. The E(Ct)50 or L(Ct)so values are statistically derived values that represent the magnitude of exposure, expressed as a function of the product of C and t, that is expected to affect or kill less than 50% and more than 50% of the animals. The other curve represents exposures that kill 50% or more than 50% of each group of animals (Irish and Adams, 1940). 

Purified drug substances are mixed with excipients into finished dosage forms sohds, liquids, parenterals, inhalants, and ointments and creams, then packaged and labeled and shipped for distribution. 

PET itself is biologically inert if ingested and is dermally safe during handling. No adverse effects have been observed at exposures anticipated to occur from the use of PET packages (International Life Sciences Institute, 2000). It poses no hazard if inhaled and no evidence of toxicity has been detected in feeding studies using animals. 

WARNING Rqx>rts of anaphylaxis 2—24 h after administration, even in previously treated pts Uses Mod-sevCTe asthma in >/=12 y w/ reactivity to an all gen when Sxs inadequately controlled w/ inhaled st oids Action Anti-IgE Ab Dose 150-375 mg SQ q2-4wk (dose/frequency based on SCTum IgE level BW, see package insert) Caution (B, /-] Contra Component aU gy, acute bronchospasm Disp Inj SE Site Rxn, sinusitis, HA, anaphylaxis rqwrted in 3 pts Interactions May X effectiveness OF vaccines and T tox OF hve vaccines may T natalizumab Infxn tox EMS Not for acute asthma, use inhaled J-agonists allergic Rxns are common OD Unlikely to cause hfe-threatening Sxs, exc t for aU gic Rxn... 

Humans may be exposed to 2,3-benzofuran by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption. Based on the limited data available, exposure of the general population to 2,3-benzofuran does not appear to be substantial. However, since this compound has been detected at hazardous waste sites, is reported to be a component of cigarette smoke, and is one monomer in a resin which may be used as a coating on citrus fruits and in packaging materials for foods, human exposure may be possible from these sources. People in Britain who had died in fires had 2,3-benzofuran in some blood samples, but no source of exposure was identified (Anderson and Harland 1980). 2,3-Benzofuran was... 

According to the 1981-83 National Occupational Exposure Survey, as many as 15 600 workers in the United States were potentially exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (NOES, 1999). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation, mainly as an aerosol, during its manufacture and its use, particularly as a plasticizer of PVC films and in other materials used in food packaging such as adhesives, cellophane and hydroxy ethyl cellulose films. Exposure may also occur during the manufacture of rubber products, nonferrous wire, cosmetics, lubricants and hydraulic fluids (Opresko, 1984). No measurements of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate exposure in manufacturing and processing industries are available. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is a liquid of low volatility, widely used as a plasticizer in flexible poly(vinyl chloride) products, notably food films, as well as in other plastics and in a number of other minor applications, such as lubricants and cosmetics. Occupational exposure may occur by inhalation of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate as an aerosol during its manufacture and its use. Meat-wrapping workers may be exposed while cutting poly(vinyl chloride) film across a heated cutter. Food is the major source of exposure of the general population to di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate because of migration from poly(vinyl chloride) packaging, particularly into fatty foods such as cheese and meat. 

Manufacture of immunological veterinary medical products Manufacture of medicinal gases Manufacture of herbal medicinal products Sampling of starting and packaging materials Manufacture of liquids, creams, and ointments Manufacture of pressurized metered-dose aerosol preparations for inhalation... 

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