Inhalant chemicals nitrates

Cardiovascular Effects. Palpitations, low blood pressure, and tachycardia were described in subjects exposed to 1,3-DNB by the inhalation (Okubo and Shigeta 1982), oral (Kumar et al. 1990), and dermal (White and Hay 1901) routes of exposure. These responses are consistent with effects of organic nitrates. 1,3-DNB is an organic nitrate and shares many of the cardiovascular properties of therapeutic nitrates. Organic nitrates induce relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle which can result in peripheral vasodilation and a fall in blood pressure followed by a compensatory vasoconstriction (Abrams 1980). The general information available on organic nitrates suggests that exposure to 1,3-DNB or 1,3,5-TNB at ammunition waste sites or at work places where these chemicals are used may lead to adverse cardiovascular effects. 

Systemic Effects.Silver nitrate and/or silver oxide have been reported to cause upper and lower respiratory tract irritation in humans when inhaled. In one case, inhalation of an unknown amount and chemical form of silver during work with molten silver ingots produced respiratory failure the day after exposure (Forycki et al. 1983). Without treatment the worker may have died. However, exposures such as this are not expected to be common and should be examined on a case by case basis. 

That autumn, in September, an event occurred that shocked chemical workers. At the basf works in Oppau two huge explosions, caused by blasting a caked mixture of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, killed several hundred workers, wounded more than 2,000 and made thousands homeless. Just before the explosion at Oppau the newspaper Proletarier had reported on a rise in accidents in the industry. Workers were inhaling poisonous gases. They wounded their eyes or burnt themselves with acids, water or steam. And then there were harmful substances seeping into their bodies... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingesdon and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact and inhalation. Corrosive. A severe skin and eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, foam, CO2, dry chemical. Exothermic reaction with cellulose nitrate does not proceed to ignition. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intravenous route. Inhalation can cause hypotension and methemoglobinemia. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. A shock-sensitive explosive. It can be desensitized by the addition of 1-2% propane, butane, chloroform, dimethyl ether, or diethyl ether. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Used as a fuel ignition promoter, chemical intermediate, and in the manufaemre of rocket fuels. See also NITRATES and ESTERS. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Combustible by chemical reaction. Upon contact with moisture, considerable heat is generated. Violent reaction with K, Na, turpentine, ethylene oxide, alkyl nitrates. Dangerous hydrochloric acid is liberated on contact with moisture or heat. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CL. See also HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 

There are several isotopes of plutonium (Pu-238 and Pu-239 being the most important), and it is the chemistry of the isotopes that determines the reactions within the environment as well their transport and reactions within the body. Ingested plutonium is primarily excreted in feces, as there is very poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. For inhalation, the regional deposition pattern depends primarily on particle size distribution. Within the first few days, a fraction of the deposited activity is rapidly cleared from the respiratory tract. The remaining fraction is cleared slowly, with retention half-time of months to years, depending on the chemical form (oxides, for example, tend to be cleared more slowly than nitrates). Materials absorbed from the respiratory tract are primarily deposited in bone and liver, where it is retained for many years. A very small fraction may also be deposited in testes or ovaries. 

OTHER COMMENTS alpha-Naphthylamine is an extremely toxic chemical in any of its physical forms, such as flake, dust, liquid, or vapor may be fatal if absorbed through skin, if inhaled, or swallowed personnel should be completely protected against physical contact with this chemical this chemical has been used in the manufacture of dyes and toning prints made with cerium salts the hydrochloride with sulfanilic acid is a reagent for nitrate. 

The direct and indirect toxicity and genotoxicity of particulate matter after its ingestion or inhalation by humans is determined by its physical features such as size, number and surface area of particles, but also by their chemical composition. Elemental carbon and inorganic anions like sulphate and nitrate seem to be the... 

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