Infrared spectroscopy styrene-butadiene rubber

QCMB RAM SBR SEI SEM SERS SFL SHE SLI SNIFTIRS quartz crystal microbalance rechargeable alkaline manganese dioxide-zinc styrene-butadiene rubber solid electrolyte interphase scanning electron microscopy surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy sulfolane-based electrolyte standard hydrogen electrode starter-light-ignition subtractively normalized interfacial Fourier transform infrared... 

Figure 2.18 The infrared and Raman spectra of styrene/butadiene rubber illustrating the complementary nature of the two techniques (From What is Raman Spectroscopy , Hendra, P., Int J Vib Spect, [www.ijvs.com] 1 (5), pp. 6-16 (1998) f Copyright John Wiley Sons Limited. Reproduced with permission).

Miller et al used transmission spectroscopy in the near infrared region (1100 -2500 nm) to determine cis-1,4 butadiene, trans-1.4 butadiene and 1.2 butadiene units in butadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber in bulk and in carbon tetrachloride solution. 

The formulation of a sulfur-vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber (R2) mainly contains the rubber polymer and precipitated silica as filler the rest of the components are minor in amount, but they are important to impart adequate vulcanization and protect the rubber from the degradation under use (mainly paraffin wax). The paraffin wax acts as a physical protecting agent against ozone by migration to the rubber surface (Romero-Sanchez and Martin-Martinez 2004). O Figure 43.6 shows the attenuated multiple total internal reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectrum of the R2 bulk. The main bands correspond to rubber (styrene and butadiene) and silica, and the presence of CH2 moieties are minor corresponding to the paraffin wax. However, the ATR-FTIR spectrum of the R2 surface shows the main bands due... 

The polymers described in this chapter are industrial-grade materials, and consequently some of the examples may contain additives and/or may be chemically modified. Polymers in various morphological forms may be analyzed, and these include films, fibers, solid pelletized and powdered products, and dissolved/dispersed materials in liquids such as paints and latex products. Also, the same base polymer, such as a styrene-butadiene copolymer, for example, may exist in a rubber, a resin, or a plastic. In general, reference will not be made to the original source of the polymer samples. Because infrared spectroscopy is more widely used than the Raman method, the authors will focus more on the applications of this technique. However, the Raman method, which is complementary to the IR method, does have important and unique applications in the polymer analysis, especially with regard to the determination of the fundamental polymer structure and its... 

Styrene-butadiene by NIR. Polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene copolymer are used extensively in the tire and rubber industries. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, there are various stereoisomers associated with the polymerization of butadiene cis-, trans-, and vinyl, and their relative amounts appreciably affect the polymer properties. NMR and infrared spectroscopy can accurately determine the microstructure and composition of these materials. These methods usually require extensive sample preparation and usually, dissolving the polymer in a solvent or pressing the polymer into a thin film. 

Analysts. Analytical investigations may be undertaken ro identify the presence of an ABS polymer, characterize the polymer, or identify nonpolymenc ingredients. Fourier transfrom infrared (fhr) spectroscopy is the method of choice to identify the presence of an ABS polymer and determine the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ratio of the composite polymer. Confirmation of the presence of rubber domains is achieved by electron microscopy. Comparison with available physical properly data serves to increase confidence in the identification or indicate the presence of unexpected structural features. Phase-seperalion techniques can be used to provide detailed compositional analyses. 

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