Information transduction

Protein molecular organization on solid matrices has intensively been explored in various manners. Although most of these researchers have not paid attention on retainment of protein functions, this chapter focuses on artificially designed protein organizates which are capable of molecular recognition and molecular information transduction. 

Various information networks such as gene, intercellular, intracellular, sensory, and brain information networks are implemented in biological systems. The information transduction, conduction, and retreaval functions are integrated in these bioinformation networks. Every bioinformation network is totally consisted of organic molecules including protein. A keen interest has been focused on the molecular mechanisms of the information transduction by the biomolecular assemblies because of their excellent selectivity and sensitivity. This chapter concerns protein molecular... 

It is amazing that these integrated molecular systems undergo information transduction by intermolecular conformation transfer but not by electron transfer. The receptor molecule induces the conformation change of an adjacent molecule when it recognizes the corresponding molecule. Individual molecules in the integrated molecular systems are assembled in such a manner as the conformation of each molecule is coordinated. This is the distinctive characteristics which Eire hardly mimicked by the synthetic molecular systems. 

In contrast to the information transduction mechanism based on conformational change, the information transduction may effectively be performed through the electron transfer if the integrated molecular systems are composed of electronically active molecules. 

On the model of the receptors in the bioinformation networks, several types of molecular assemblies may be designed for molecular information transduction. The molecular assembly should contain at least one receptor molecular component that can recognize selectively a specific molecular information. The receptor component responds to a specific molecular information in changing in conformation and electron transfer, which results in information transduction as schematically shown in Fig.4. 

Fig. 4 Integrated molecular systems for information transduction through intermolecular electron transfer and conformation change...

Osamu Hatase and Jerry H. Wang, Bioinformatics. Information Transduction and Processing Systems from Cell to Whole Body, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1989. 

Biological membranes serve several additional important functions indispensable for life, such as energy storage and information transduction, that are dictated by the proteins associated with them. In this chapter, we will examine the general properties of membrane proteins—how they can exist in the hydrophobic environment of the membrane while connecting two hydrophilic environments—and delay a discussion of the functions of these proteins to the next and later chapters. 

Photo-responsive Synthetic Membranes. Although the visual Information transduction Is too complexed to be realized in vitro, the photoeffects of retinal-containing synthetic membranes have been investigated. Alzawa et al. (74) prepared a photo-responsive membrane from a solution of 11-cis retinal, phosphatidyl choline and trlacetyl cellulose. The retinal was assumed to be incorporated into the molecular assemblies of phosphatidyl choline, which were dispersed In the trlacetyl cellulose membrane matrix. The membrane responded to visible light by showing a transmembrane potential in association with the photoisomerization of membrane-bound 11-cis retinal. On the other hand, a membrane Incorporating 11-cls retinal without phosphatidyl choline exhibited little light-induced transmembrane potential (75). 

Biological membranes serve several additional functions indispensable for life, such as energy storage and information transduction, that are dictated by... 

These concepts of information transduction by membranes may be used to integrate the scattered observations on the biological effects of interactions of 3,6-3-glticans with plant cells. The observation that chemically different groups of compounds may elicit the production of the same response such as wilting or formation of a phytoalexin, may be explained in terms of multiple receptors coupled to a single effector system which initiates the intracellular response. This would be analogous to the adenyl cyclase of the adipocyte which is stimulated by seven different hormones and inhibited by at least three others (124). In the... 

Major function Information Transduction, catalysis, structure Recognition, structure, food reserve... 

D. Liu and X. Cai, Decoding Mechanisms of Crystallization Technology Underl 4ng Genetic Information Transduction, ShengmingDeHuaxue, 2013, 33, 67. 

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